{"name":"Guitar Story brand lineage","url":"https://www.guitarstory.info/data/lineage.json","about":"https://www.guitarstory.info/why","howToCite":"Guitar Story, \"https://www.guitarstory.info/brands/<brand>/<year>\" (retrieved <date>)","readingNotes":["An era is a stretch of one product line when the controlling company and the building plant were both constant. Eras are computed from the dated facts, never typed in.","Year ranges are half-open: 1952–1956 then 1956–1966 meet without overlapping. \"now\" means the fact is current.","Reliability grades: primary (the company or a document from the time), secondary (published reporting and reference works), community (wikis, collector forums), unverified (not yet checked). A fact is never graded above its best source.","Disputed facts are kept as separate versions sharing a conflict group (K###). The preferred version feeds the eras; the others are listed as disputed.","Source codes in brackets ([S012]) resolve to /sources/<code>."],"brands":[{"code":"B004","slug":"epiphone","name":"Epiphone","founded":1904,"country":"USA","website":"https://www.epiphone.com/","cites":[{"source":"S355","excerpt":"\"STATHOPOULOS EMIGRATE TO AMERICA (1904)\""}],"controls":[{"id":"BC057","from":1903,"to":1957,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K035","note":"alternative start 1903 (Wikipedia history section: move to the United States)","cites":[{"source":"S056","excerpt":"\"Stathopoulos moved to the United States in 1903\""}],"company":"CO030","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC023","from":1904,"to":1957,"precision":"circa","reliability":"secondary","conflict":"K035","note":"start of the Stathopoulo family's US business: c.1904 per the Gibson brand book (brand owner's history); Wikipedia gives 1903 in its history section and 1908 in its lead. Queens, then Philadelphia","cites":[{"source":"S355","excerpt":"\"STATHOPOULOS EMIGRATE TO AMERICA (1904)\""}],"company":"CO030","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC058","from":1908,"to":1957,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K035","note":"alternative start 1908 (Wikipedia lead: moved to New York City); the same article's history section says 1903","cites":[{"source":"S056","excerpt":"\"moved to New York City in 1908\""}],"company":"CO030","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC024","from":1957,"to":1969,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"CMI was Gibson's parent. 2026-10-15: CMI named as the 1957 buyer by S235 and S237 (C498, C499); Blue Book (S141) names Gibson, CMI's subsidiary. Treated as one event, not a conflict","cites":[{"source":"S057","excerpt":"\"In 1957, Chicago Musical Instrument Company (CMI), the parent company of Gibson, acquired Epiphone.\""},{"source":"S140","excerpt":"once everything was on the move, CMI set up Epiphone Inc. of Kalamazoo."},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"For the sum of $20,000, Gibson had acquired its once mighty rival"},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"McCarty also led CMI to purchase rival Epiphone in 1957, giving Gibson greater control of the market."},{"source":"S237","excerpt":"Chicago Musical Instrument (CMI) purchases Epiphone (announced May 10, 1957)."}],"company":"CO031","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC025","from":1969,"to":1986,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"ECL then Norlin; end is early 1986. 2026-10-15: ECL took control of CMI in late Dec 1969 per S141 and S236 (C500); Wikipedia says July 1969. Norlin rename year unverified: 1970 (IDCH, paraphrase only) vs 1974 (S236)","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"Gibson was owned by Norlin Corporation from 1969 to 1986\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"in the last few days of 1969, ECL bought CMI"},{"source":"S236","excerpt":"In December of 1969, E.C.L. Industries, Inc. took control of CMI."}],"company":"CO032","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC026","from":1986,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Juszkiewicz/Berryman group from 1986. Chapter 11 filed May 1, 2018; plan effective Nov 1, 2018 (Kroll docket; Billboard) when KKR-led creditor group took majority control. Earlier \"October 1\" date is wrong per report. 2026-10-15: Kroll docket shows a Notice of Effective Date entry dated Nov 1, 2018 (S230, C501) but the notice PDF could not be opened; NPR (S232, C503) says KKR 'will assume majority ownership', and no source fetched says 'noteholders'. Company renamed Gibson Brands in 2013 (S233) and Gibson, Inc. on 28 Feb 2024 (S234, C504)","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman\""},{"source":"S103","excerpt":"\"Gibson Brands requested court protection from its creditors\""},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"When Gibson was sold to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman, and Gary Zebrowski in 1986"},{"source":"S230","excerpt":"Notice of Effective Date Notice of (I) Entry of Confirmation Order, (II) Occurrence of Effective Date"},{"source":"S231","excerpt":"the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has confirmed the Company's plan of reorganization."},{"source":"S232","excerpt":"the investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) will assume majority ownership control of Gibson."},{"source":"S234","excerpt":"CHANGING ITS NAME FROM \"GIBSON BRANDS, INC.\" TO \"GIBSON, INC.\""},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"new owners took over in 1986, Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman, who bought the company for $5 million."}],"company":"CO029","kind":"owns","territory":"world"}],"lines":[{"id":"L016","name":"Epiphone New York/Philadelphia","tier":"usa","from":1904,"to":1957,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR089","from":1920,"to":1951,"precision":"circa","reliability":"community","conflict":"K025","note":"NYC end 1951 per Wikipedia (S056): a four-month strike caused the relocation to Philadelphia in 1951. The 1953 end on PR032 has no cited source. 1920 start carried over from PR032, still unsupported. Added 2026-10-15 by llm:claude-sonnet-5-5","cites":[{"source":"S056","excerpt":"In 1951, a four-month-long strike caused a relocation of the company from New York City to Philadelphia."}],"plant":"P027","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR032","from":1920,"to":1953,"precision":"circa","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K025","note":"alternative end 1953; no cited source gives 1953. Kept, not deleted. Marked disputed 2026-10-15 by llm:claude-sonnet-5-5 in favour of PR089 (1951, S056)","cites":[{"source":"S060","excerpt":"\"a four month long strike forced a relocation… to Philadelphia\""}],"plant":"P027","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR033","from":1951,"to":1957,"precision":"circa","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S056","excerpt":"\"relocated Epiphone's manufacturing… from Philadelphia\""}],"plant":"P028","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L017","name":"Epiphone Kalamazoo","tier":"usa","from":1957,"to":1970,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR034","from":1957,"to":1969,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":"K012","note":"end 1969 (culture.fandom) vs 1970","cites":[{"source":"S061","excerpt":"\"made beside the Gibson factory at 224 Parsons\""},{"source":"S056","excerpt":"where production of both ranges took place until 1969"}],"plant":"P029","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR035","from":1957,"to":1970,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K012","note":"alternative end 1970","cites":[{"source":"S062","excerpt":"\"until 1970\""},{"source":"S056","excerpt":"Epiphone instruments made between 1957 and 1970 were at Gibson facilities on Parsons Street and Eleanor Street in Kalamazoo, Michigan."}],"plant":"P029","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L018","name":"Epiphone Japan","tier":"import","from":1970,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR036","from":1970,"to":1987,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"5102T/EA-250 and FT series","cites":[{"source":"S063","excerpt":"\"started importing Epiphone-branded instruments from the Matsumoku company in 1970\""},{"source":"S014","excerpt":"After Matsumoku closed in 1987"}],"plant":"P030","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L019","name":"Epiphone Korea","tier":"import","from":1984,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR037","from":1984,"to":2002,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Main supplier mid-1980s to mid-1990s","cites":[{"source":"S014","excerpt":"\"Samick began building Epiphones in 1984… The Korean factory stopped making Epiphones in 2002.\""}],"plant":"P031","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR038","from":1995,"to":null,"precision":"circa","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S014","excerpt":"\"Epiphone began contracting out to a number of different manufacturers\""}],"plant":"P032","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L020","name":"Epiphone China","tier":"import","from":2002,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR043","from":2000,"to":null,"precision":"circa","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S057","excerpt":"\"Several Chinese factories have produced Epiphone guitars\""}],"plant":"P035","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR041","from":2002,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K013","note":"alternative start 2002","cites":[{"source":"S065","excerpt":"\"in 2002… a dedicated Epiphone factory opened in 2006\""}],"plant":"P034","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR040","from":2004,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":"K013","note":"start 2004 (guitarinsite)","cites":[{"source":"S057","excerpt":"\"In 2004, Gibson opened a factory in Qingdao… owned by Gibson\""}],"plant":"P034","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR042","from":2006,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K013","note":"alternative: dedicated Epiphone plant 2006","cites":[{"source":"S065","excerpt":"\"in 2002… a dedicated Epiphone factory opened in 2006\""}],"plant":"P034","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L021","name":"Epiphone Indonesia","tier":"import","from":1995,"to":null,"cites":[{"source":"S057","excerpt":"The company has produced guitars for Epiphone under an OEM agreement since 1995."}],"builds":[{"id":"PR090","from":1995,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Cort-Tek Indonesian production for Epiphone since 1995 per guitarinsite (S057, which says Surabaya). Mapped to P024 PT Cort Indonesia, Ngoro because Wikipedia lists serial prefix CI as Cort Indonesia; confirm the plant mapping. Added 2026-10-15 by llm:claude-sonnet-5-5","cites":[{"source":"S057","excerpt":"The company has produced guitars for Epiphone under an OEM agreement since 1995."}],"plant":"P024","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR044","from":null,"to":null,"precision":"unknown","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Samick Indonesia start date for Epiphone unverified; present","cites":[{"source":"S065","excerpt":"\"PT Samick makes Epiphone, Fender/Squier and Cordoba\""}],"plant":"P023","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L022","name":"Epiphone Japan special models","tier":"import","from":1987,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR039","from":1987,"to":null,"precision":"circa","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S014","excerpt":"\"a few special models still made in Japan\""},{"source":"S064","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P033","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR091","from":1998,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"FujiGen: full Epiphone licence 1998 (guitarinsite) and Epiphone Japan solid bodies from 1998 (Wikipedia FUJIGEN). Replaces the generic builder in PR039 for the later period; PR039 left in place. Added 2026-10-15 by llm:claude-sonnet-5-5","cites":[{"source":"S064","excerpt":"and from then on have made Epiphone Japan solid body guitars"},{"source":"S057","excerpt":"In 1998, the company received a full license to produce Epiphone guitars."}],"plant":"P018","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR092","from":2002,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Terada: OEM agreement with Epiphone 2002 (guitarinsite); Elite/Elitist series built by Terada and FujiGen from 2002 (Wikipedia). guitarinsite places Terada in Ama-gun, Aichi while P016 is pinned at Nagoya. Added 2026-10-15 by llm:claude-sonnet-5-5","cites":[{"source":"S057","excerpt":"In 2002, Terada signed an OEM agreement with Epiphone."},{"source":"S056","excerpt":"In 2002, Epiphone began producing a range of higher quality instruments under the \"Elite Series\" moniker which were built by Terada and FujiGen in Japan."}],"plant":"P016","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L023","name":"Epiphone USA Frontier","tier":"usa","from":null,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[]}],"eras":[{"line":"L016","from":1904,"to":1920,"owner":"CO030","parent":null,"plant":null,"reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S355","excerpt":"\"STATHOPOULOS EMIGRATE TO AMERICA (1904)\""}]},{"line":"L016","from":1920,"to":1951,"owner":"CO030","parent":null,"plant":"P027","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S355","excerpt":"\"STATHOPOULOS EMIGRATE TO AMERICA (1904)\""},{"source":"S056","excerpt":"In 1951, a four-month-long strike caused a relocation of the company from New York City to Philadelphia."}]},{"line":"L016","from":1951,"to":1957,"owner":"CO030","parent":null,"plant":"P028","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S355","excerpt":"\"STATHOPOULOS EMIGRATE TO AMERICA (1904)\""},{"source":"S056","excerpt":"\"relocated Epiphone's manufacturing… from Philadelphia\""}]},{"line":"L017","from":1957,"to":1969,"owner":"CO031","parent":null,"plant":"P029","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S057","excerpt":"\"In 1957, Chicago Musical Instrument Company (CMI), the parent company of Gibson, acquired Epiphone.\""},{"source":"S140","excerpt":"once everything was on the move, CMI set up Epiphone Inc. of Kalamazoo."},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"For the sum of $20,000, Gibson had acquired its once mighty rival"},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"McCarty also led CMI to purchase rival Epiphone in 1957, giving Gibson greater control of the market."},{"source":"S237","excerpt":"Chicago Musical Instrument (CMI) purchases Epiphone (announced May 10, 1957)."},{"source":"S061","excerpt":"\"made beside the Gibson factory at 224 Parsons\""},{"source":"S056","excerpt":"where production of both ranges took place until 1969"}]},{"line":"L017","from":1969,"to":1970,"owner":"CO032","parent":null,"plant":null,"reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"Gibson was owned by Norlin Corporation from 1969 to 1986\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"in the last few days of 1969, ECL bought CMI"},{"source":"S236","excerpt":"In December of 1969, E.C.L. Industries, Inc. took control of CMI."}]},{"line":"L018","from":1970,"to":1986,"owner":"CO032","parent":null,"plant":"P030","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"Gibson was owned by Norlin Corporation from 1969 to 1986\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"in the last few days of 1969, ECL bought CMI"},{"source":"S236","excerpt":"In December of 1969, E.C.L. Industries, Inc. took control of CMI."},{"source":"S063","excerpt":"\"started importing Epiphone-branded instruments from the Matsumoku company in 1970\""},{"source":"S014","excerpt":"After Matsumoku closed in 1987"}]},{"line":"L019","from":1984,"to":1986,"owner":"CO032","parent":null,"plant":"P031","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"Gibson was owned by Norlin Corporation from 1969 to 1986\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"in the last few days of 1969, ECL bought CMI"},{"source":"S236","excerpt":"In December of 1969, E.C.L. Industries, Inc. took control of CMI."},{"source":"S014","excerpt":"\"Samick began building Epiphones in 1984… The Korean factory stopped making Epiphones in 2002.\""}]},{"line":"L018","from":1986,"to":1987,"owner":"CO029","parent":null,"plant":"P030","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman\""},{"source":"S103","excerpt":"\"Gibson Brands requested court protection from its creditors\""},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"When Gibson was sold to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman, and Gary Zebrowski in 1986"},{"source":"S230","excerpt":"Notice of Effective Date Notice of (I) Entry of Confirmation Order, (II) Occurrence of Effective Date"},{"source":"S231","excerpt":"the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has confirmed the Company's plan of reorganization."},{"source":"S232","excerpt":"the investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) will assume majority ownership control of Gibson."},{"source":"S234","excerpt":"CHANGING ITS NAME FROM \"GIBSON BRANDS, INC.\" TO \"GIBSON, INC.\""},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"new owners took over in 1986, Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman, who bought the company for $5 million."},{"source":"S063","excerpt":"\"started importing Epiphone-branded instruments from the Matsumoku company in 1970\""},{"source":"S014","excerpt":"After Matsumoku closed in 1987"}]},{"line":"L019","from":1986,"to":2002,"owner":"CO029","parent":null,"plant":"P031","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman\""},{"source":"S103","excerpt":"\"Gibson Brands requested court protection from its creditors\""},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"When Gibson was sold to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman, and Gary Zebrowski in 1986"},{"source":"S230","excerpt":"Notice of Effective Date Notice of (I) Entry of Confirmation Order, (II) Occurrence of Effective Date"},{"source":"S231","excerpt":"the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has confirmed the Company's plan of reorganization."},{"source":"S232","excerpt":"the investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) will assume majority ownership control of Gibson."},{"source":"S234","excerpt":"CHANGING ITS NAME FROM \"GIBSON BRANDS, INC.\" TO \"GIBSON, INC.\""},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"new owners took over in 1986, Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman, who bought the company for $5 million."},{"source":"S014","excerpt":"\"Samick began building Epiphones in 1984… The Korean factory stopped making Epiphones in 2002.\""}]},{"line":"L018","from":1987,"to":2018,"owner":"CO029","parent":null,"plant":null,"reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman\""},{"source":"S103","excerpt":"\"Gibson Brands requested court protection from its creditors\""},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"When Gibson was sold to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman, and Gary Zebrowski in 1986"},{"source":"S230","excerpt":"Notice of Effective Date Notice of (I) Entry of Confirmation Order, (II) Occurrence of Effective Date"},{"source":"S231","excerpt":"the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has confirmed the Company's plan of reorganization."},{"source":"S232","excerpt":"the investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) will assume majority ownership control of Gibson."},{"source":"S234","excerpt":"CHANGING ITS NAME FROM \"GIBSON BRANDS, INC.\" TO \"GIBSON, INC.\""},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"new owners took over in 1986, Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman, who bought the company for $5 million."}]},{"line":"L022","from":1987,"to":2018,"owner":"CO029","parent":null,"plant":"P033","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman\""},{"source":"S103","excerpt":"\"Gibson Brands requested court protection from its creditors\""},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"When Gibson was sold to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman, and Gary Zebrowski in 1986"},{"source":"S230","excerpt":"Notice of Effective Date Notice of (I) Entry of Confirmation Order, (II) Occurrence of Effective Date"},{"source":"S231","excerpt":"the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has confirmed the Company's plan of reorganization."},{"source":"S232","excerpt":"the investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) will assume majority ownership control of Gibson."},{"source":"S234","excerpt":"CHANGING ITS NAME FROM \"GIBSON BRANDS, INC.\" TO \"GIBSON, INC.\""},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"new owners took over in 1986, Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman, who bought the company for $5 million."},{"source":"S014","excerpt":"\"a few special models still made in Japan\""},{"source":"S064","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L019","from":1995,"to":2018,"owner":"CO029","parent":null,"plant":"P032","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman\""},{"source":"S103","excerpt":"\"Gibson Brands requested court protection from its creditors\""},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"When Gibson was sold to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman, and Gary Zebrowski in 1986"},{"source":"S230","excerpt":"Notice of Effective Date Notice of (I) Entry of Confirmation Order, (II) Occurrence of Effective Date"},{"source":"S231","excerpt":"the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has confirmed the Company's plan of reorganization."},{"source":"S232","excerpt":"the investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) will assume majority ownership control of Gibson."},{"source":"S234","excerpt":"CHANGING ITS NAME FROM \"GIBSON BRANDS, INC.\" TO \"GIBSON, INC.\""},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"new owners took over in 1986, Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman, who bought the company for $5 million."},{"source":"S014","excerpt":"\"Epiphone began contracting out to a number of different manufacturers\""}]},{"line":"L021","from":1995,"to":2018,"owner":"CO029","parent":null,"plant":"P024","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman\""},{"source":"S103","excerpt":"\"Gibson Brands requested court protection from its creditors\""},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"When Gibson was sold to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman, and Gary Zebrowski in 1986"},{"source":"S230","excerpt":"Notice of Effective Date Notice of (I) Entry of Confirmation Order, (II) Occurrence of Effective Date"},{"source":"S231","excerpt":"the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has confirmed the Company's plan of reorganization."},{"source":"S232","excerpt":"the investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) will assume majority ownership control of Gibson."},{"source":"S234","excerpt":"CHANGING ITS NAME FROM \"GIBSON BRANDS, INC.\" TO \"GIBSON, INC.\""},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"new owners took over in 1986, Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman, who bought the company for $5 million."},{"source":"S057","excerpt":"The company has produced guitars for Epiphone under an OEM agreement since 1995."}]},{"line":"L022","from":1998,"to":2018,"owner":"CO029","parent":null,"plant":"P018","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman\""},{"source":"S103","excerpt":"\"Gibson Brands requested court protection from its creditors\""},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"When Gibson was sold to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman, and Gary Zebrowski in 1986"},{"source":"S230","excerpt":"Notice of Effective Date Notice of (I) Entry of Confirmation Order, (II) Occurrence of Effective Date"},{"source":"S231","excerpt":"the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has confirmed the Company's plan of reorganization."},{"source":"S232","excerpt":"the investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) will assume majority ownership control of Gibson."},{"source":"S234","excerpt":"CHANGING ITS NAME FROM \"GIBSON BRANDS, INC.\" TO \"GIBSON, INC.\""},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"new owners took over in 1986, Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman, who bought the company for $5 million."},{"source":"S064","excerpt":"and from then on have made Epiphone Japan solid body guitars"},{"source":"S057","excerpt":"In 1998, the company received a full license to produce Epiphone guitars."}]},{"line":"L022","from":2002,"to":2018,"owner":"CO029","parent":null,"plant":"P016","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman\""},{"source":"S103","excerpt":"\"Gibson Brands requested court protection from its creditors\""},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"When Gibson was sold to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman, and Gary Zebrowski in 1986"},{"source":"S230","excerpt":"Notice of Effective Date Notice of (I) Entry of Confirmation Order, (II) Occurrence of Effective Date"},{"source":"S231","excerpt":"the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has confirmed the Company's plan of reorganization."},{"source":"S232","excerpt":"the investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) will assume majority ownership control of Gibson."},{"source":"S234","excerpt":"CHANGING ITS NAME FROM \"GIBSON BRANDS, INC.\" TO \"GIBSON, INC.\""},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"new owners took over in 1986, Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman, who bought the company for $5 million."},{"source":"S057","excerpt":"In 2002, Terada signed an OEM agreement with Epiphone."},{"source":"S056","excerpt":"In 2002, Epiphone began producing a range of higher quality instruments under the \"Elite Series\" moniker which were built by Terada and FujiGen in Japan."}]},{"line":"L020","from":2002,"to":2018,"owner":"CO029","parent":null,"plant":"P035","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman\""},{"source":"S103","excerpt":"\"Gibson Brands requested court protection from its creditors\""},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"When Gibson was sold to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman, and Gary Zebrowski in 1986"},{"source":"S230","excerpt":"Notice of Effective Date Notice of (I) Entry of Confirmation Order, (II) Occurrence of Effective Date"},{"source":"S231","excerpt":"the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has confirmed the Company's plan of reorganization."},{"source":"S232","excerpt":"the investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) will assume majority ownership control of Gibson."},{"source":"S234","excerpt":"CHANGING ITS NAME FROM \"GIBSON BRANDS, INC.\" TO \"GIBSON, INC.\""},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"new owners took over in 1986, Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman, who bought the company for $5 million."},{"source":"S057","excerpt":"\"Several Chinese factories have produced Epiphone guitars\""}]},{"line":"L020","from":2004,"to":2018,"owner":"CO029","parent":null,"plant":"P034","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman\""},{"source":"S103","excerpt":"\"Gibson Brands requested court protection from its creditors\""},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"When Gibson was sold to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman, and Gary Zebrowski in 1986"},{"source":"S230","excerpt":"Notice of Effective Date Notice of (I) Entry of Confirmation Order, (II) Occurrence of Effective Date"},{"source":"S231","excerpt":"the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has confirmed the Company's plan of reorganization."},{"source":"S232","excerpt":"the investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) will assume majority ownership control of Gibson."},{"source":"S234","excerpt":"CHANGING ITS NAME FROM \"GIBSON BRANDS, INC.\" TO \"GIBSON, INC.\""},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"new owners took over in 1986, Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman, who bought the company for $5 million."},{"source":"S057","excerpt":"\"In 2004, Gibson opened a factory in Qingdao… owned by Gibson\""}]},{"line":"L018","from":2018,"to":null,"owner":"CO029","parent":"CO033","plant":null,"reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman\""},{"source":"S103","excerpt":"\"Gibson Brands requested court protection from its creditors\""},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"When Gibson was sold to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman, and Gary Zebrowski in 1986"},{"source":"S230","excerpt":"Notice of Effective Date Notice of (I) Entry of Confirmation Order, (II) Occurrence of Effective Date"},{"source":"S231","excerpt":"the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has confirmed the Company's plan of reorganization."},{"source":"S232","excerpt":"the investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) will assume majority ownership control of Gibson."},{"source":"S234","excerpt":"CHANGING ITS NAME FROM \"GIBSON BRANDS, INC.\" TO \"GIBSON, INC.\""},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"new owners took over in 1986, Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman, who bought the company for $5 million."},{"source":"S102","excerpt":"\"Nov. 1, when… KKR assumes majority ownership control\""},{"source":"S142","excerpt":"an ad hoc committee of Gibson Brands, Inc. noteholders, led by KKR"}]},{"line":"L019","from":2018,"to":null,"owner":"CO029","parent":"CO033","plant":"P032","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman\""},{"source":"S103","excerpt":"\"Gibson Brands requested court protection from its creditors\""},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"When Gibson was sold to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman, and Gary Zebrowski in 1986"},{"source":"S230","excerpt":"Notice of Effective Date Notice of (I) Entry of Confirmation Order, (II) Occurrence of Effective Date"},{"source":"S231","excerpt":"the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has confirmed the Company's plan of reorganization."},{"source":"S232","excerpt":"the investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) will assume majority ownership control of Gibson."},{"source":"S234","excerpt":"CHANGING ITS NAME FROM \"GIBSON BRANDS, INC.\" TO \"GIBSON, INC.\""},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"new owners took over in 1986, Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman, who bought the company for $5 million."},{"source":"S102","excerpt":"\"Nov. 1, when… KKR assumes majority ownership control\""},{"source":"S142","excerpt":"an ad hoc committee of Gibson Brands, Inc. noteholders, led by KKR"},{"source":"S014","excerpt":"\"Epiphone began contracting out to a number of different manufacturers\""}]},{"line":"L020","from":2018,"to":null,"owner":"CO029","parent":"CO033","plant":"P034","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman\""},{"source":"S103","excerpt":"\"Gibson Brands requested court protection from its creditors\""},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"When Gibson was sold to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman, and Gary Zebrowski in 1986"},{"source":"S230","excerpt":"Notice of Effective Date Notice of (I) Entry of Confirmation Order, (II) Occurrence of Effective Date"},{"source":"S231","excerpt":"the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has confirmed the Company's plan of reorganization."},{"source":"S232","excerpt":"the investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) will assume majority ownership control of Gibson."},{"source":"S234","excerpt":"CHANGING ITS NAME FROM \"GIBSON BRANDS, INC.\" TO \"GIBSON, INC.\""},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"new owners took over in 1986, Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman, who bought the company for $5 million."},{"source":"S102","excerpt":"\"Nov. 1, when… KKR assumes majority ownership control\""},{"source":"S142","excerpt":"an ad hoc committee of Gibson Brands, Inc. noteholders, led by KKR"},{"source":"S057","excerpt":"\"In 2004, Gibson opened a factory in Qingdao… owned by Gibson\""}]},{"line":"L020","from":2018,"to":null,"owner":"CO029","parent":"CO033","plant":"P035","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman\""},{"source":"S103","excerpt":"\"Gibson Brands requested court protection from its creditors\""},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"When Gibson was sold to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman, and Gary Zebrowski in 1986"},{"source":"S230","excerpt":"Notice of Effective Date Notice of (I) Entry of Confirmation Order, (II) Occurrence of Effective Date"},{"source":"S231","excerpt":"the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has confirmed the Company's plan of reorganization."},{"source":"S232","excerpt":"the investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) will assume majority ownership control of Gibson."},{"source":"S234","excerpt":"CHANGING ITS NAME FROM \"GIBSON BRANDS, INC.\" TO \"GIBSON, INC.\""},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"new owners took over in 1986, Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman, who bought the company for $5 million."},{"source":"S102","excerpt":"\"Nov. 1, when… KKR assumes majority ownership control\""},{"source":"S142","excerpt":"an ad hoc committee of Gibson Brands, Inc. noteholders, led by KKR"},{"source":"S057","excerpt":"\"Several Chinese factories have produced Epiphone guitars\""}]},{"line":"L021","from":2018,"to":null,"owner":"CO029","parent":"CO033","plant":"P024","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman\""},{"source":"S103","excerpt":"\"Gibson Brands requested court protection from its creditors\""},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"When Gibson was sold to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman, and Gary Zebrowski in 1986"},{"source":"S230","excerpt":"Notice of Effective Date Notice of (I) Entry of Confirmation Order, (II) Occurrence of Effective Date"},{"source":"S231","excerpt":"the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has confirmed the Company's plan of reorganization."},{"source":"S232","excerpt":"the investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) will assume majority ownership control of Gibson."},{"source":"S234","excerpt":"CHANGING ITS NAME FROM \"GIBSON BRANDS, INC.\" TO \"GIBSON, INC.\""},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"new owners took over in 1986, Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman, who bought the company for $5 million."},{"source":"S102","excerpt":"\"Nov. 1, when… KKR assumes majority ownership control\""},{"source":"S142","excerpt":"an ad hoc committee of Gibson Brands, Inc. noteholders, led by KKR"},{"source":"S057","excerpt":"The company has produced guitars for Epiphone under an OEM agreement since 1995."}]},{"line":"L022","from":2018,"to":null,"owner":"CO029","parent":"CO033","plant":"P016","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman\""},{"source":"S103","excerpt":"\"Gibson Brands requested court protection from its creditors\""},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"When Gibson was sold to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman, and Gary Zebrowski in 1986"},{"source":"S230","excerpt":"Notice of Effective Date Notice of (I) Entry of Confirmation Order, (II) Occurrence of Effective Date"},{"source":"S231","excerpt":"the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has confirmed the Company's plan of reorganization."},{"source":"S232","excerpt":"the investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) will assume majority ownership control of Gibson."},{"source":"S234","excerpt":"CHANGING ITS NAME FROM \"GIBSON BRANDS, INC.\" TO \"GIBSON, INC.\""},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"new owners took over in 1986, Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman, who bought the company for $5 million."},{"source":"S102","excerpt":"\"Nov. 1, when… KKR assumes majority ownership control\""},{"source":"S142","excerpt":"an ad hoc committee of Gibson Brands, Inc. noteholders, led by KKR"},{"source":"S057","excerpt":"In 2002, Terada signed an OEM agreement with Epiphone."},{"source":"S056","excerpt":"In 2002, Epiphone began producing a range of higher quality instruments under the \"Elite Series\" moniker which were built by Terada and FujiGen in Japan."}]},{"line":"L022","from":2018,"to":null,"owner":"CO029","parent":"CO033","plant":"P018","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman\""},{"source":"S103","excerpt":"\"Gibson Brands requested court protection from its creditors\""},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"When Gibson was sold to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman, and Gary Zebrowski in 1986"},{"source":"S230","excerpt":"Notice of Effective Date Notice of (I) Entry of Confirmation Order, (II) Occurrence of Effective Date"},{"source":"S231","excerpt":"the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has confirmed the Company's plan of reorganization."},{"source":"S232","excerpt":"the investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) will assume majority ownership control of Gibson."},{"source":"S234","excerpt":"CHANGING ITS NAME FROM \"GIBSON BRANDS, INC.\" TO \"GIBSON, INC.\""},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"new owners took over in 1986, Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman, who bought the company for $5 million."},{"source":"S102","excerpt":"\"Nov. 1, when… KKR assumes majority ownership control\""},{"source":"S142","excerpt":"an ad hoc committee of Gibson Brands, Inc. noteholders, led by KKR"},{"source":"S064","excerpt":"and from then on have made Epiphone Japan solid body guitars"},{"source":"S057","excerpt":"In 1998, the company received a full license to produce Epiphone guitars."}]},{"line":"L022","from":2018,"to":null,"owner":"CO029","parent":"CO033","plant":"P033","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":"\"acquired by a group led by Henry Juszkiewicz and David H. Berryman\""},{"source":"S103","excerpt":"\"Gibson Brands requested court protection from its creditors\""},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S141","excerpt":"When Gibson was sold to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman, and Gary Zebrowski in 1986"},{"source":"S230","excerpt":"Notice of Effective Date Notice of (I) Entry of Confirmation Order, (II) Occurrence of Effective Date"},{"source":"S231","excerpt":"the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware has confirmed the Company's plan of reorganization."},{"source":"S232","excerpt":"the investment firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) will assume majority ownership control of Gibson."},{"source":"S234","excerpt":"CHANGING ITS NAME FROM \"GIBSON BRANDS, INC.\" TO \"GIBSON, INC.\""},{"source":"S235","excerpt":"new owners took over in 1986, Henry Juszkiewicz and David Berryman, who bought the company for $5 million."},{"source":"S102","excerpt":"\"Nov. 1, when… KKR assumes majority ownership control\""},{"source":"S142","excerpt":"an ad hoc committee of Gibson Brands, Inc. noteholders, led by KKR"},{"source":"S014","excerpt":"\"a few special models still made in Japan\""},{"source":"S064","excerpt":null}]}],"models":[{"id":"M021","slug":"epiphone-broadway","name":"Broadway","category":"archtop","introduced":1931,"discontinued":null,"line":"L016","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S056","excerpt":"Commencing around 1931, Epiphone decided to release a new range of full body archtop guitars"}]},{"id":"M022","slug":"epiphone-triumph","name":"Triumph","category":"archtop","introduced":1931,"discontinued":null,"line":"L016","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S056","excerpt":"Commencing around 1931, Epiphone decided to release a new range of full body archtop guitars"}]},{"id":"M020","slug":"epiphone-deluxe","name":"Deluxe","category":"archtop","introduced":1931,"discontinued":null,"line":"L016","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S056","excerpt":"Commencing around 1931, Epiphone decided to release a new range of full body archtop guitars"}]},{"id":"M019","slug":"epiphone-emperor","name":"Emperor","category":"archtop","introduced":1936,"discontinued":null,"line":"L016","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S056","excerpt":"Other models introduced a little later comprised the Emperor (1936), Byron (1938), Ritz (1941) and Devon (1951)."}]},{"id":"M023","slug":"epiphone-ft-79-new-york","name":"FT-79 (New York)","category":"acoustic","introduced":1942,"discontinued":null,"line":"L016","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S062","excerpt":"The FT-79 was produced by the Epiphone company starting in 1942."}]},{"id":"M068","slug":"epiphone-texan","name":"Texan","category":"acoustic","introduced":1958,"discontinued":1970,"line":"L017","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S062","excerpt":"In 1958 the Gibson-made FT-79 had 'Texan' added to the type name"},{"source":"S062","excerpt":"the Texan was produced in Kalamazoo, Michigan until 1970"}]},{"id":"M024","slug":"epiphone-rivoli","name":"Rivoli","category":"bass","introduced":1959,"discontinued":1970,"line":"L017","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S066","excerpt":"In 1959, the Epiphone Rivoli debuted as a sibling to the then one-year-old Gibson EB-2."},{"source":"S066","excerpt":"built by Epiphone in Kalamazoo, Michigan from 1959 until 1970"}]},{"id":"M025","slug":"epiphone-5102t-ea-250","name":"5102T / EA-250","category":"electric","introduced":1970,"discontinued":1975,"line":"L018","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S063","excerpt":"sold 1970 to 1974 or '75 in the United States under the Epiphone brand"}]},{"id":"M026","slug":"epiphone-masterbilt","name":"Masterbilt","category":"acoustic","introduced":2004,"discontinued":null,"line":"L020","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S056","excerpt":"Also in 2004, Epiphone introduced a series of acoustic guitars named Masterbilt"}]}],"materials":[]},{"code":"B012","slug":"fender","name":"Fender","founded":1946,"country":"USA","website":"fender.com","cites":[{"source":"S431","excerpt":null},{"source":"S432","excerpt":null}],"controls":[{"id":"BC059","from":1946,"to":1965,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Fender Electric Instrument Company founded 1946 by Leo Fender (S431, S432; guitar.com and FundingUniverse agree). Ends with the sale to CBS announced 5 Jan 1965 (S431, S432); the closing date was not found and one Wikipedia-derived summary hints at May 1965, so the boundary is kept at year precision. Proposed grade secondary. Fender Sales, Inc. (distributor 1953-1965, 50/50 Fender/Randall from 1955 per S432) is not modelled here; territory unknown","cites":[{"source":"S431","excerpt":null},{"source":"S432","excerpt":null}],"company":"CO100","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC060","from":1965,"to":1985,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"CBS bought Fender Electric Instrument and Fender Sales for $13M, announced 5 Jan 1965 (S431, S432), through Columbia Records Distribution Corp.; unit renamed CBS Musical Instruments in 1966 (S432). End: management buyout announced 1 Feb 1985 and formalized 12 Mar 1985 (S433), closing March 1985 (S432); year precision with the legal change in 1985. Proposed grade secondary (two independent secondary sources agree on 1965; the 1985 end rests on S432 and community S433)","cites":[{"source":"S431","excerpt":null},{"source":"S432","excerpt":null},{"source":"S433","excerpt":null}],"company":"CO101","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC062","from":1982,"to":2015,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Fender Japan, Ltd.: established March 1982 as a joint venture to make and sell Fender-branded instruments for Japan (S435); April 1982 contract per S436; ended 31 Mar 2015 (S435). Recorded as a licence because FMIC kept ownership; S432 says FujiGen was licensed to make Fender guitars sold only in Japan. Sources disagree on whether this is a joint venture or a contract; kind kept as licenses, to be revisited. Kanda Shokai's own distributor role is dated only by S437 ('last 18 years' as of 2021, about 2003) and is not modelled. Proposed grade community","cites":[{"source":"S435","excerpt":null},{"source":"S436","excerpt":null},{"source":"S432","excerpt":null}],"company":"CO102","kind":"licenses","territory":"Japan"},{"id":"BC061","from":1985,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"FMIC (CO001) incorporated in Delaware in January 1985 (S446, filing; start year of ownership from S432/S433, closing March 1985). Buyout price $12.5M, excluding many patents, machinery and the Fullerton factory (S431). Brand owner stays CO001 through later investor changes (Weston Presidio Dec 2001, Servco and TPG Growth fall 2012, Servco majority 2020), which are not modelled because investors would give CO001 several parents at once. Proposed grade secondary now, primary for the FMIC-owns-Fender fact in 2012 (S446)","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null},{"source":"S433","excerpt":null},{"source":"S432","excerpt":null}],"company":"CO001","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC063","from":2015,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Fender Music Corporation (Japan) took over effective 1 Apr 2015 (S435); the company says it was established in 2014 (S437, company release). Start kept at 2015, the date it took over. Proposed grade primary for existence (S437), community for the 2015 date (S435)","cites":[{"source":"S435","excerpt":null},{"source":"S437","excerpt":null}],"company":"CO103","kind":"distributes","territory":"Japan"}],"lines":[{"id":"L049","name":"Fender USA","tier":"usa","from":1946,"to":null,"cites":[{"source":"S431","excerpt":null}],"builds":[{"id":"PR104","from":1946,"to":1951,"precision":"circa","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Start inferred from the 1946 founding of Fender Electric Instrument Company (S431, S432) with the Harbor Blvd workshop as its site until its 1951 sale (S439); no source dates the first Fender-branded build here. Proposed grade community until a dated product source is found","cites":[{"source":"S439","excerpt":null},{"source":"S431","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P069","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR105","from":1950,"to":1985,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Start: May 1950 brick building for expanded production on Pomona Ave (S439); OC Weekly via Smith gives 1953 as the start of the Fullerton 'base of operations' (S440), which fits a later move of the main operation rather than contradicting the 1950 build. End: production shut down Dec 1984 (S433), so valid_to 1985 with the half-open interval; S442 says 'closed in 1985'. The plant changes hands in 1965 (see PO064, PO065). Proposed grade secondary","cites":[{"source":"S439","excerpt":null},{"source":"S440","excerpt":null},{"source":"S433","excerpt":null},{"source":"S442","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P070","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR106","from":1985,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":"K036","note":"Corona start year is disputed: 1985 (S442 'opened a new guitar factory in Corona in 1985'; S433 plant not ready until about Oct 1985) vs 1987 (S434, restart of U.S. production in Corona with the American Standard; PR107) vs 1998 (S443, a new 177,000 sq ft facility, probably the present 301 Cessna Circle building, which is a possible second plant row). 1985 preferred because two sources agree against one. All are community or secondary grade, so this stays open for job 4. FMIC left Fullerton in July 1985 (S433)","cites":[{"source":"S442","excerpt":null},{"source":"S433","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P004","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR107","from":1987,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K036","note":"Competing version of K036: U.S. production restarts in Corona in 1987 with the American Standard series (S434, paraphrase). See PR106","cites":[{"source":"S434","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P004","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR130","from":null,"to":null,"precision":"unknown","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Fender's acoustic dating guide (S457) names a Spring Hill series of handmade Fender acoustics made in Spring Hill, Tenn. No years, address or operator found; the page was read through a summary only. Undated and outside era derivation. Proposed grade primary for the fact only after the page is read in full","cites":[{"source":"S457","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P079","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L050","name":"Fender Custom Shop","tier":"custom_shop","from":1987,"to":null,"cites":[{"source":"S441","excerpt":null}],"builds":[{"id":"PR108","from":1987,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Custom Shop began 1987 (S441, candidate quote 'The Fender Custom Shop began in 1987'; S443 agrees that it was formalized in 1987). Location in 1987 is not firmly sourced: S441 mentions the original Fullerton facilities, which had closed by 1985 (S433), and S443 and S442 point to Corona. Proposed grade community","cites":[{"source":"S441","excerpt":null},{"source":"S443","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P004","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L051","name":"Fender Mexico (Ensenada)","tier":"import","from":1991,"to":null,"cites":[{"source":"S438","excerpt":null}],"builds":[{"id":"PR109","from":1991,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Mexican Standard series first appears in the 1991 price list (S438, paraphrase). The plant itself started in 1987 and a FujiGen joint venture began developing guitar manufacturing there in 1990 (S438), so production may start earlier. Proposed grade secondary","cites":[{"source":"S438","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P071","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR129","from":null,"to":null,"precision":"unknown","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Acoustasonic Player Telecaster, made at a dedicated new Ensenada factory (S465, Fender's own article). Opening year not found, so undated and outside era derivation. Proposed grade primary for the fact, pending a dated source","cites":[{"source":"S465","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P078","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L052","name":"Fender Japan (MIJ / CIJ)","tier":"import","from":1982,"to":null,"cites":[{"source":"S435","excerpt":null}],"builds":[{"id":"PR110","from":1982,"to":1996,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":"K037","note":"FujiGen built Fender Japan guitars from the March 1982 venture (S435, S436). End year disputed: 1996 (S444 guitarguitar; S445 gives 1996/97) vs 1995 (S435 Wikipedia). 1996 preferred because two sources lean that way; all community grade. Dyna Gakki took over from 1996 (S435, S445) but P017 is a placeholder with opened 2003 and closed 2006, so no production row is written for Dyna and L052 has no plant from 1996 until that is resolved. Tokai and Terada built some Fender Japan instruments for unknown years (S435)","cites":[{"source":"S444","excerpt":null},{"source":"S445","excerpt":null},{"source":"S435","excerpt":null},{"source":"S436","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P018","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR111","from":1982,"to":1995,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K037","note":"Competing version of K037: FujiGen contract 1982 to 1995 (S435, Wikipedia). See PR110","cites":[{"source":"S435","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P018","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR121","from":1996,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Dyna Gakki holds the full Fender Japan manufacturing contract from 1996 (S435; two community sources). It built part of the output earlier: 1992 (S456, shortscale/erix pages) or 1995 (S435), so the start is a partial-versus-full question, not a conflict group; 1996 matches the end of FujiGen row PR110 (K037). End is null because Fender's Japan-made series is still said to be built by Dyna (S462 for the 2017 Traditional series; other community pages say FujiGen and Dyna), but no dated source for 2020s output was read. Fender Music Corporation (Japan) took over from the joint venture on 1 April 2015 (S435); Dyna's contract continued. Plant dates on P017 corrected for this row. Proposed grade community","cites":[{"source":"S435","excerpt":null},{"source":"S456","excerpt":null},{"source":"S462","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P017","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR122","from":null,"to":null,"precision":"unknown","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Tokai made some Fender Japan guitars for the Japan market only, from 1996/97 for a short while (S467, S456). No start or end year found, so the row is undated and stays outside era derivation. Proposed grade community","cites":[{"source":"S467","excerpt":null},{"source":"S456","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P077","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L057","name":"Fender Korea (MIK)","tier":"import","from":1987,"to":2002,"cites":[{"source":"S455","excerpt":null}],"builds":[{"id":"PR123","from":1988,"to":2002,"precision":"circa","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Fender-branded Korean guitars: first in 1987 as a test run, ramped up in 1988 with the Showmaster, ended 2002-03 (S455). S455 says the Showmaster-era Strat was co-designed with the Samick design team and that Samick numbered serials loosely through the production run, so Samick is the main named builder. Years are inferred from the line's years, not stated for the plant; valid_to 2002 follows P031 closed 2002 although S455 says 2002-03. S463 says Samick made guitars for Fender at its Korean plant. Proposed grade community","cites":[{"source":"S455","excerpt":null},{"source":"S463","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P031","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR124","from":null,"to":null,"precision":"unknown","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"A few Fender-branded Stratocasters were built at Young Chang (S466; community), the same factory that made E1/E7-serial Squiers from 1987. No dates for the Fender-branded guitars. Undated, outside era derivation. Proposed grade community","cites":[{"source":"S466","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P072","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR125","from":null,"to":null,"precision":"unknown","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Special Edition Fender guitars such as the Lite Ash and Koa Stratocasters were made in Korea by Cort (S452, per the Fuzzfaced Korean serial page; community). No dates. Undated, outside era derivation. Proposed grade community","cites":[{"source":"S452","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P074","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L058","name":"Fender Indonesia (acoustics; Standard Series)","tier":"import","from":1993,"to":null,"cites":[{"source":"S464","excerpt":null}],"builds":[{"id":"PR126","from":2024,"to":null,"precision":"circa","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Fender Standard Series (announced at NAMM, Jan 2025) is built in Indonesia by Cor-Tek/Cort (S458, S459, S460). Fender-branded models already coming out of the same factory in 2024 included the Tom DeLonge Starcaster and the Jim Adkins JA-90 Telecaster (S458, S460, 'over the past year' as of Jan 2025), so 2024 circa. Fender's Justin Norvell calls these factories ones it has worked with for about 25 years (S458), and one community source says Cort has made Fender/Squier models since 1998 (S442); that earlier Fender-branded work is not dated. Squier at this plant is on brand B013. Proposed grade secondary","cites":[{"source":"S458","excerpt":null},{"source":"S459","excerpt":null},{"source":"S460","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P024","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR127","from":null,"to":null,"precision":"unknown","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Samick began Fender acoustic guitars in 1993 at its Indonesian plant (S464; community; GuitarInSite S442 says first acoustic models 1993, electric Squiers end of 1994). Fender's dating guide lists DG-series acoustics imported from China, Indonesia and Korea in 1995-98 without assigning countries to models (S457). End year not found, so the row is undated rather than open-ended and stays outside era derivation. S463 says Samick makes guitars for Fender at its Bogor plant. Proposed grade community","cites":[{"source":"S464","excerpt":null},{"source":"S442","excerpt":null},{"source":"S457","excerpt":null},{"source":"S463","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P023","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L059","name":"Fender China (Modern Player)","tier":"import","from":2011,"to":2017,"cites":[{"source":"S458","excerpt":null}],"builds":[{"id":"PR128","from":2011,"to":2018,"precision":"circa","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Grand Reward built the Fender-branded Modern Player line, the only Chinese-made Fender Stratocasters (S011); the line began in 2011 (S458). Reverb lists the Modern Player Starcaster as 2014-2017 (S461), so 2018 is the first year after the last evidence, not a stated end. Some Fender DG-series acoustics were also made in China (S457), builder not named. Proposed grade community","cites":[{"source":"S011","excerpt":null},{"source":"S458","excerpt":null},{"source":"S461","excerpt":null},{"source":"S457","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P076","role":"full_build"}]}],"eras":[{"line":"L049","from":1946,"to":1951,"owner":"CO100","parent":null,"plant":"P069","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S431","excerpt":null},{"source":"S432","excerpt":null},{"source":"S439","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L049","from":1950,"to":1965,"owner":"CO100","parent":null,"plant":"P070","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S431","excerpt":null},{"source":"S432","excerpt":null},{"source":"S439","excerpt":null},{"source":"S440","excerpt":null},{"source":"S433","excerpt":null},{"source":"S442","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L049","from":1965,"to":1982,"owner":"CO101","parent":null,"plant":"P070","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S431","excerpt":null},{"source":"S432","excerpt":null},{"source":"S433","excerpt":null},{"source":"S439","excerpt":null},{"source":"S440","excerpt":null},{"source":"S442","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L052","from":1982,"to":1985,"owner":"CO102","parent":"CO101","plant":"P018","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S431","excerpt":null},{"source":"S432","excerpt":null},{"source":"S433","excerpt":null},{"source":"S435","excerpt":null},{"source":"S436","excerpt":null},{"source":"S444","excerpt":null},{"source":"S445","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L049","from":1982,"to":1985,"owner":"CO102","parent":"CO101","plant":"P070","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S431","excerpt":null},{"source":"S432","excerpt":null},{"source":"S433","excerpt":null},{"source":"S435","excerpt":null},{"source":"S436","excerpt":null},{"source":"S439","excerpt":null},{"source":"S440","excerpt":null},{"source":"S442","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L052","from":1985,"to":1996,"owner":"CO102","parent":"CO001","plant":"P018","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null},{"source":"S433","excerpt":null},{"source":"S432","excerpt":null},{"source":"S435","excerpt":null},{"source":"S436","excerpt":null},{"source":"S444","excerpt":null},{"source":"S445","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L049","from":1985,"to":2015,"owner":"CO102","parent":"CO001","plant":"P004","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null},{"source":"S433","excerpt":null},{"source":"S432","excerpt":null},{"source":"S435","excerpt":null},{"source":"S436","excerpt":null},{"source":"S442","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L050","from":1987,"to":2015,"owner":"CO102","parent":"CO001","plant":"P004","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null},{"source":"S433","excerpt":null},{"source":"S432","excerpt":null},{"source":"S435","excerpt":null},{"source":"S436","excerpt":null},{"source":"S441","excerpt":null},{"source":"S443","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L051","from":1991,"to":2015,"owner":"CO102","parent":"CO001","plant":"P071","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null},{"source":"S433","excerpt":null},{"source":"S432","excerpt":null},{"source":"S435","excerpt":null},{"source":"S436","excerpt":null},{"source":"S438","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L052","from":1996,"to":2015,"owner":"CO102","parent":"CO001","plant":null,"reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null},{"source":"S433","excerpt":null},{"source":"S432","excerpt":null},{"source":"S435","excerpt":null},{"source":"S436","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L050","from":2015,"to":null,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":"P004","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null},{"source":"S433","excerpt":null},{"source":"S432","excerpt":null},{"source":"S441","excerpt":null},{"source":"S443","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L049","from":2015,"to":null,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":"P004","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null},{"source":"S433","excerpt":null},{"source":"S432","excerpt":null},{"source":"S442","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L052","from":2015,"to":null,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":null,"reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null},{"source":"S433","excerpt":null},{"source":"S432","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L051","from":2015,"to":null,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":"P071","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null},{"source":"S433","excerpt":null},{"source":"S432","excerpt":null},{"source":"S438","excerpt":null}]}],"models":[],"materials":[]},{"code":"B011","slug":"gibson","name":"Gibson","founded":1894,"country":"USA","website":"https://www.gibson.com/","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null}],"controls":[{"id":"BC050","from":1902,"to":1944,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":"K030","note":"Start = incorporation of Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Mfg. Co., Ltd., reported as 11 Oct 1902 (secondary/community). Proposed grade: community. Versions disagree (1902 vs 1904, see BC051); no primary source read, so the conflict stays open and 1902 stays preferred. Orville Gibson's own business (1894/1896-97 to 1902) has no company row; the gap 1894-1902 is recorded in open items","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null}],"company":"CO080","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC051","from":1904,"to":1944,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K030","note":"Alternative start year 1904 for the company. Kept as disputed; the source for this version was not recorded by the research agent","cites":[],"company":"CO080","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC052","from":1944,"to":1969,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"CMI took a controlling interest in Gibson in 1944 (secondary/community accounts, e.g. S058, S059). Proposed grade: community. Matches the pattern used for Epiphone (BC024). Needs a second independent source or a primary filing","cites":[{"source":"S058","excerpt":null},{"source":"S059","excerpt":null}],"company":"CO031","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC053","from":1969,"to":1986,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"ECL acquired CMI in 1969 (reported as July, December, or 19/22 December; all 1969, so not a year-level conflict). The Norlin name is dated 1969, 1970 or 1974 across accounts, and Norlin's exact role between 1969 and 1974 is unclear. Proposed grade: community. The end year ties to the January 1986 sale (BC054)","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null},{"source":"S281","excerpt":null}],"company":"CO032","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC055","from":1976,"to":1987,"precision":"circa","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Arai Trading, c.1976-87 (fan-site level, S289). Proposed grade: community. Dates approximate","cites":[{"source":"S289","excerpt":null}],"company":"CO081","kind":"distributes","territory":"Japan"},{"id":"BC054","from":1986,"to":null,"precision":"month","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Sale of Gibson by Norlin to Henry Juszkiewicz, David Berryman and Gary Zebrowski for about $5M, January 1986 (secondary/community). Proposed grade: community. Legal entity name from 1986 is unconfirmed: CO029 is a combined 'Gibson Guitar Corp. / Gibson Brands' row. Company renamed Gibson Brands in June 2013 (S233 gives the date; reported as 11, 12 or 16 June); trade name changed to Gibson on 2024-03-28. Since the 2018 Chapter 11 exit (S231, S142) a KKR-led noteholder group holds the company via CR006; CO029 stays the brand owner of record","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null}],"company":"CO029","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC056","from":1987,"to":2006,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Yamano Gakki, 1987-2006 (dealer-history level, S290; page attribution unconfirmed). Proposed grade: community","cites":[{"source":"S290","excerpt":null}],"company":"CO082","kind":"distributes","territory":"Japan"}],"lines":[{"id":"L047","name":"Gibson USA","tier":"usa","from":1902,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR094","from":1902,"to":1917,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Pre-1917 Kalamazoo workshops (P068). Start follows the 1902 incorporation (BC050); production at earlier addresses from 1896-97 is not modelled. Proposed grade: secondary (S286)","cites":[{"source":"S286","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P068","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR095","from":1917,"to":1984,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"225 Parsons St built and opened 1917; last Gibson production June 1984, closed about Sept 1984. Dates match existing PO022. valid_to 1984 is the closing year (existing convention), so 1984 itself is not covered under half-open reading; flagged in open items. Proposed grade: secondary","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P025","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR099","from":1969,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K031","note":"Alternative Nashville start year 1969 (coincides with the ECL takeover; likely the corporate event, not the plant opening)","cites":[],"plant":"P065","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR097","from":1974,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K031","note":"Alternative Nashville start year 1974 (possibly construction rather than opening)","cites":[],"plant":"P065","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR096","from":1975,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":"K031","note":"Nashville start. 1975 preferred because the only account separating construction (1974) from opening (June 1975) is a forum post (community); no primary source, so this conflict stays open. Alternatives: 1974 (PR097), 1976 (PR098), 1969 (PR099)","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P065","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR098","from":1976,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K031","note":"Alternative Nashville start year 1976","cites":[],"plant":"P065","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR102","from":1988,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K032","note":"Alternative Bozeman start year 1988","cites":[],"plant":"P067","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR101","from":1989,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":"K032","note":"Bozeman acoustic production: first guitars July 1989 per a company blog (primary, not captured). Ground broken 1987. Alternative 1988 in PR102. Proposed grade: secondary until the blog is archived","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null},{"source":"S287","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P067","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR100","from":2000,"to":2019,"precision":"circa","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Memphis opened 1999-2001 by differing accounts, so circa 2000. Closed about April 2019 (announced Dec 2018, S288). Mainly hollow- and semi-hollow-body guitars. Proposed grade: secondary","cites":[{"source":"S288","excerpt":null},{"source":"S284","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P066","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L048","name":"Gibson Custom Shop","tier":"custom_shop","from":1983,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR103","from":1983,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Custom Shop began 1983 inside the main Nashville plant and moved to its own building in 1993 (the 1993 building has no plant row). Proposed grade: community. Nashville itself is only dated from 1975, so this row starts after that","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P065","role":"full_build"}]}],"eras":[{"line":"L047","from":1902,"to":1917,"owner":"CO080","parent":null,"plant":"P068","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null},{"source":"S286","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L047","from":1917,"to":1944,"owner":"CO080","parent":null,"plant":"P025","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L047","from":1944,"to":1969,"owner":"CO031","parent":null,"plant":"P025","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S058","excerpt":null},{"source":"S059","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L047","from":1969,"to":1984,"owner":"CO032","parent":null,"plant":"P025","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null},{"source":"S281","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L047","from":1975,"to":1986,"owner":"CO032","parent":null,"plant":"P065","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null},{"source":"S281","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L048","from":1983,"to":1986,"owner":"CO032","parent":null,"plant":"P065","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null},{"source":"S281","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L047","from":1986,"to":2018,"owner":"CO029","parent":null,"plant":"P065","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L048","from":1986,"to":2018,"owner":"CO029","parent":null,"plant":"P065","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L047","from":1989,"to":2018,"owner":"CO029","parent":null,"plant":"P067","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null},{"source":"S287","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L047","from":2000,"to":2018,"owner":"CO029","parent":null,"plant":"P066","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null},{"source":"S288","excerpt":null},{"source":"S284","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L047","from":2018,"to":null,"owner":"CO029","parent":"CO033","plant":"P065","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S102","excerpt":"\"Nov. 1, when… KKR assumes majority ownership control\""},{"source":"S142","excerpt":"an ad hoc committee of Gibson Brands, Inc. noteholders, led by KKR"}]},{"line":"L047","from":2018,"to":2019,"owner":"CO029","parent":"CO033","plant":"P066","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S102","excerpt":"\"Nov. 1, when… KKR assumes majority ownership control\""},{"source":"S142","excerpt":"an ad hoc committee of Gibson Brands, Inc. noteholders, led by KKR"},{"source":"S288","excerpt":null},{"source":"S284","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L047","from":2018,"to":null,"owner":"CO029","parent":"CO033","plant":"P067","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S102","excerpt":"\"Nov. 1, when… KKR assumes majority ownership control\""},{"source":"S142","excerpt":"an ad hoc committee of Gibson Brands, Inc. noteholders, led by KKR"},{"source":"S287","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L048","from":2018,"to":null,"owner":"CO029","parent":"CO033","plant":"P065","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S059","excerpt":null},{"source":"S101","excerpt":"\"November 1 2018 Effective Date - Notice of Effe[ctive Date]\""},{"source":"S102","excerpt":"\"Nov. 1, when… KKR assumes majority ownership control\""},{"source":"S142","excerpt":"an ad hoc committee of Gibson Brands, Inc. noteholders, led by KKR"}]}],"models":[{"id":"M078","slug":"gibson-es-150","name":"ES-150","category":"archtop","introduced":1936,"discontinued":1956,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S345","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M077","slug":"gibson-es-175","name":"ES-175","category":"archtop","introduced":1949,"discontinued":null,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S344","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M083","slug":"gibson-l-5-ces","name":"L-5 CES","category":"archtop","introduced":1951,"discontinued":null,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S350","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M084","slug":"gibson-super-400-ces","name":"Super 400 CES","category":"archtop","introduced":1951,"discontinued":null,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S351","excerpt":null},{"source":"S350","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M069","slug":"gibson-les-paul-goldtop","name":"Les Paul (Goldtop)","category":"electric","introduced":1952,"discontinued":null,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S337","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M070","slug":"gibson-les-paul-custom","name":"Les Paul Custom","category":"electric","introduced":1954,"discontinued":null,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S337","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M071","slug":"gibson-les-paul-junior","name":"Les Paul Junior","category":"electric","introduced":1954,"discontinued":null,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S338","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M082","slug":"gibson-byrdland","name":"Byrdland","category":"archtop","introduced":1955,"discontinued":null,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S349","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M079","slug":"gibson-flying-v-original-run","name":"Flying V (original run)","category":"electric","introduced":1958,"discontinued":1959,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S346","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M076","slug":"gibson-es-355","name":"ES-355","category":"archtop","introduced":1958,"discontinued":null,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S343","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M074","slug":"gibson-es-335","name":"ES-335","category":"archtop","introduced":1958,"discontinued":null,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S341","excerpt":null},{"source":"S342","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M072","slug":"gibson-les-paul-standard-original-single-cut-run","name":"Les Paul Standard (original single-cut run)","category":"electric","introduced":1958,"discontinued":1960,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S337","excerpt":null},{"source":"S340","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M080","slug":"gibson-explorer-original-run","name":"Explorer (original run)","category":"electric","introduced":1958,"discontinued":1959,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S347","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M075","slug":"gibson-es-345","name":"ES-345","category":"archtop","introduced":1959,"discontinued":1982,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S343","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M087","slug":"gibson-melody-maker","name":"Melody Maker","category":"electric","introduced":1959,"discontinued":1970,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S353","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M073","slug":"gibson-sg-les-paul-double-cut","name":"SG (Les Paul double-cut)","category":"electric","introduced":1961,"discontinued":null,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S339","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M081","slug":"gibson-firebird","name":"Firebird","category":"electric","introduced":1963,"discontinued":null,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S348","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M085","slug":"gibson-les-paul-deluxe","name":"Les Paul Deluxe","category":"electric","introduced":1969,"discontinued":1985,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S337","excerpt":null},{"source":"S352","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M088","slug":"gibson-b-b-king-lucille","name":"B.B. King Lucille","category":"archtop","introduced":1980,"discontinued":null,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S354","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M086","slug":"gibson-les-paul-studio","name":"Les Paul Studio","category":"electric","introduced":1983,"discontinued":null,"line":"L047","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S337","excerpt":null}]}],"materials":[]},{"code":"B002","slug":"gretsch","name":"Gretsch","founded":1883,"country":"USA","website":"https://www.gretschguitars.com/","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"in 1883… Friedrich Gretsch… founded his shop in Brooklyn\""}],"controls":[{"id":"BC010","from":1883,"to":1967,"precision":"year","reliability":"primary","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"in 1883… Friedrich Gretsch… founded his shop in Brooklyn\""}],"company":"CO010","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC011","from":1967,"to":1984,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"Merged Gretsch with Kustom Nov 1979. Baldwin United (parent) bankrupt late 1983 but the official blog (S131, C361) says Harrison owned Gretsch as of summer 1984, so the change of owner is 1984, not 1983. Previously valid_to 1983 left 1983 uncovered. Related to K005 (buyback date) but removed from the group 2026-10-15 so K005 has exactly one preferred row (BC014)","cites":[{"source":"S035","excerpt":"\"In 1967, Fred Gretsch, Jr. sold the Gretsch Company to… D. H. Baldwin\""},{"source":"S035","excerpt":"\"merged Gretsch with Kustom in November 1979… Baldwin went bankrupt in 1983\""},{"source":"S131","excerpt":"The sale was completed on July 31, 1967."},{"source":"S131","excerpt":"parent company Baldwin United declared bankruptcy in late 1983."}],"company":"CO011","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC013","from":1984,"to":1985,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K005","note":"alternative: Baldwin holds until Jan 1985 buyback","cites":[{"source":"S037","excerpt":"\"bought the business in January 1985\""}],"company":"CO012","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC014","from":1984,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"primary","conflict":"K005","note":"buyback 1984 (preferred) vs Jan 1985. Deciding source: the Gretsch family's own account (S223, C492/C493) says the purchase closed Nov 1984 and was announced at NAMM in Jan 1985; MMR and Guitar.com (C494) also say 1984. The Nov 1984 month rests on one company source, so precision stays year","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"In 1984, Fred W. Gretsch… purchased Gretsch back\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 1984 Fred made good on his promise when he and his wife Dinah bought the Gretsch Company back from Baldwin."},{"source":"S223","excerpt":"His offer was accepted, and in November 1984, Fred was able to fulfill his 17-year dream of buying back the Gretsch Company."},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 1984, the couple bought the Gretsch brand back"}],"company":"CO013","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC012","from":1984,"to":1984,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"Zero-length in year terms; Harrison bought the Baldwin music divisions in 1984. Removed from conflict group K005 2026-10-15 (it is a separate ownership step, not an alternative to BC014). Harrison/Smith leveraged buyout of Baldwin Piano & Organ June 1984 (S224, C496); the Gretsch family bought it back Nov 1984 (S223), so about five months, invisible at year precision","cites":[{"source":"S035","excerpt":"\"bought the Baldwin music divisions in 1984\""},{"source":"S131","excerpt":"As of summer 1984, Baldwin CEO Dick Harrison owned Gretsch."},{"source":"S224","excerpt":"In June 1984, R. S. Harrison... joined with BP&O President Harold Smith to execute a leveraged buyout of the subsidiary from its troubled parent."}],"company":"CO012","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC015","from":1985,"to":null,"precision":"month","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K005","note":"alternative buyback date Jan 1985 = the NAMM announcement per S223 (C493); S131 and S225 (C495) also say 1985. Disputed as the date control changed","cites":[{"source":"S037","excerpt":"\"bought the business in January 1985\""},{"source":"S131","excerpt":"He bought Gretsch from Harrison in January 1985."},{"source":"S223","excerpt":"Announcement of the purchase was made at the music industry's annual NAMM Show in January 1985."},{"source":"S225","excerpt":"In 1985, he made good on his promise and bought The Gretsch Company back from Baldwin."}],"company":"CO013","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC016","from":1989,"to":2002,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S036","excerpt":"\"distributed by the Fred Gretsch Company… from 1989 to 2002\""},{"source":"S168","excerpt":"Previously distributed by the Fred Gretsch Company of Savannah, GA from 1989 to 2002."}],"company":"CO014","kind":"distributes","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC017","from":2003,"to":null,"precision":"day","reliability":"primary","conflict":"K006","note":"Licence covers manufacture, marketing and distribution (guitars). Signed Aug 19, 2002 (community) and effective Jan 1, 2003; family keeps ownership","cites":[{"source":"S038","excerpt":"\"Fender acquired licensing for the manufacture, distribution and marketing… in 2002\""},{"source":"S037","excerpt":"\"starting officially on the first day of 2003\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 2002 Gretsch and Fender announced an alliance that granted Fender exclusive rights to develop, market, and distribute Gretsch guitars."},{"source":"S034","excerpt":"In late 2002 a deal was struck for Fender Musical Instruments Corp. to handle Gretsch Guitars manufacturing and distribution"},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 2002, Gretsch and Fender Musical Instruments Corp announced a strategic partnership."}],"company":"CO001","kind":"licenses","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC018","from":2003,"to":null,"precision":"day","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K006","note":"Reverb dating guide says Fender bought Gretsch outright; other sources say licence only","cites":[],"company":"CO001","kind":"owns","territory":"world"}],"lines":[{"id":"L005","name":"Gretsch Brooklyn","tier":"usa","from":1883,"to":1970,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR013","from":1916,"to":1970,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":"K007","note":"end 1970 (acousticmusic) vs mid-1969. valid_from changed from 1883 to 1916 on 2026-10-15 by llm:claude-sonnet-5-5: guitarinsite (S262) dates 60 Broadway to 1916 and Crave (S263) says the move to larger Brooklyn premises was in 1916; pre-1916 sites are not yet recorded. Baldwin shifted production to Arkansas from 1970 to summer 1972 per Vintage Guitar (not yet a source row)","cites":[{"source":"S035","excerpt":"\"Manufacturing continued for 3 years at the 60 Broadway factory\""},{"source":"S262","excerpt":"60 Broadway, Brooklyn (1916)"},{"source":"S263","excerpt":"in 1916, manufacturing and offices moved to larger premises, still in Brooklyn"}],"plant":"P011","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L006","name":"Gretsch Baldwin Arkansas","tier":"usa","from":1970,"to":1981,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR015","from":1969,"to":null,"precision":"circa","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K008","note":"alternative claim; mid-1969; end unverified","cites":[{"source":"S004","excerpt":"\"moved… to a plant in DeQueen, Arkansas\""}],"plant":"P013","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR014","from":1970,"to":1981,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":"K008","note":"Booneville vs De Queen. Blue Book (acoustic manufacturer page, not yet a source row) says Booneville 1970-1979 with 'various other assembly locations' 1979-1981; C063 says Arkansas to 1981. Not reconciled; needs a decision","cites":[{"source":"S043","excerpt":"\"moved to Booneville, Arkansas in 1970\""},{"source":"S044","excerpt":"\"Production continued in Arkansas until 1981\""}],"plant":"P012","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR093","from":1978,"to":1979,"precision":"circa","reliability":"secondary","conflict":"K026","note":"Baldwin's Mexican organ-plant guitar experiment (about 100 Southern Belle guitars) dated 1978-1979 per Blue Book (S261). PR016's 1981-82 dates have no cited source (C065 gives no dates). Added 2026-10-15 by llm:claude-sonnet-5-5","cites":[{"source":"S261","excerpt":"Baldwin had experimented briefly with guitar production at their Mexican organ facilities, producing perhaps 100 Southern Belle guitars (basically renamed Country Gentlemans) between 1978 and 1979."}],"plant":"P014","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR016","from":1981,"to":1982,"precision":"circa","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K026","note":"alternative dates 1981-82; no cited source gives these dates (C065 says only 'a handful of guitars... including Mexico'). Kept, not deleted. Marked disputed 2026-10-15 by llm:claude-sonnet-5-5 in favour of PR093 (1978-79, Blue Book S261)","cites":[{"source":"S044","excerpt":"\"a handful of guitars were made in various places (including Mexico)\""}],"plant":"P014","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L007","name":"Gretsch Professional Collection (Japan)","tier":"import","from":1989,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR018","from":1989,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"Second half of 1989","cites":[{"source":"S037","excerpt":"\"chose Terada, an experienced firm in Nagoya\""},{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"1989 - present: Japan (Terada factory)\""}],"plant":"P016","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L008","name":"Gretsch Japan early-Fender-era models","tier":"import","from":2003,"to":2006,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR020","from":2003,"to":2006,"precision":"circa","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"FujiGen made some Gretsch models per Wikipedia FUJIGEN (S064), which dates its Epiphone/Gretsch work from 1998 onward and does not give an end; the 2006 end here has no cited source. Note added 2026-10-15 by llm:claude-sonnet-5-5","cites":[{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"JF = Japan - FujiGen Gakki\""},{"source":"S064","excerpt":"some Gretsch models and their own branded FGN guitars"}],"plant":"P018","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR019","from":2003,"to":2006,"precision":"circa","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"JD = Japan - Dyna Gakki\""}],"plant":"P017","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L009","name":"Gretsch Traveling Wilburys (Korea)","tier":"import","from":1988,"to":1990,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR017","from":1988,"to":1990,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S037","excerpt":"\"a series of Korean-made electrics named for the Traveling [Wilburys]\""}],"plant":"P015","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L010","name":"Gretsch Electromatic","tier":"import","from":1999,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR024","from":1999,"to":2008,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Electromatic and Synchromatic budget models; end per forum","cites":[{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"Starting in 1999… budget-level Electromatic… in Korea\""},{"source":"S047","excerpt":"\"KP = Korea - Peerless\""}],"plant":"P020","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR025","from":2000,"to":2021,"precision":"circa","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K010","note":"Samick vs SPG; Electromatic hollowbodies; end c.2021","cites":[{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"KS = Korea - Samick\""},{"source":"S047","excerpt":"\"'KS' stands for Korea: SPG factory\""}],"plant":"P021","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR026","from":2000,"to":null,"precision":"circa","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Solidbodies from the 2000s; hollowbodies moved to China between June and July 2021","cites":[{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"CY = China - Yako\""},{"source":"S049","excerpt":"\"transitioned to China between June and July of 2021\""}],"plant":"P022","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L011","name":"Gretsch Synchromatic/Historic","tier":"import","from":1999,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR027","from":1999,"to":2008,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Synchromatic/Historic Korean production, 1999 into the 2000s","cites":[{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"Starting in 1999… budget-level Electromatic… in Korea\""}],"plant":"P020","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L012","name":"Gretsch Streamliner","tier":"import","from":2016,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR028","from":2016,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"Builder inferred from IS prefix","cites":[{"source":"S050","excerpt":"\"Streamliner models are made in Indonesia\""},{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"IS = Indonesia – Samick\""}],"plant":"P023","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR029","from":null,"to":null,"precision":"unknown","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Forum list only; role unverified","cites":[{"source":"S052","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P024","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L013","name":"Gretsch Custom Shop","tier":"custom_shop","from":1995,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR021","from":1995,"to":2004,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":"K009","note":"start 1995 (Reverb) vs 1998 (jedistar). Contradicted by S260 (Fender newsroom, primary): the first custom U.S.-made Gretsch models debuted at the 2004 NAMM show (claim C529 on PR023). preferred not flipped; needs a decision on whether this builder existed. Note added 2026-10-15 by llm:claude-sonnet-5-5","cites":[{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"1995 - present: US (Custom & Masterbuilt Series)\""}],"plant":"P019","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR022","from":1998,"to":2004,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K009","note":"alternative start 1998. Same contradiction as PR021: S260 says the first custom U.S.-made Gretsch models debuted in 2004. Note added 2026-10-15 by llm:claude-sonnet-5-5","cites":[{"source":"S044","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P019","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR023","from":2004,"to":null,"precision":"month","reliability":"primary","conflict":null,"note":"Jan 2004; White Falcon, Nashville. Present status in 2026 unverified","cites":[{"source":"S038","excerpt":"Gretsch Custom Shop is now located in the rolling hills of Corona, Calif."},{"source":"S260","excerpt":"With Stern tied up with Benedetto, Fleming and Fender’s George Blanda were tabbed to build the first-ever custom U.S.-made Gretsch models, which debuted at the 2004 winter NAMM Show."}],"plant":"P004","role":"full_build"}]}],"eras":[{"line":"L005","from":1883,"to":1916,"owner":"CO010","parent":null,"plant":null,"reliability":"primary","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"in 1883… Friedrich Gretsch… founded his shop in Brooklyn\""}]},{"line":"L005","from":1916,"to":1967,"owner":"CO010","parent":null,"plant":"P011","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"in 1883… Friedrich Gretsch… founded his shop in Brooklyn\""},{"source":"S035","excerpt":"\"Manufacturing continued for 3 years at the 60 Broadway factory\""},{"source":"S262","excerpt":"60 Broadway, Brooklyn (1916)"},{"source":"S263","excerpt":"in 1916, manufacturing and offices moved to larger premises, still in Brooklyn"}]},{"line":"L005","from":1967,"to":1970,"owner":"CO011","parent":null,"plant":"P011","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S035","excerpt":"\"In 1967, Fred Gretsch, Jr. sold the Gretsch Company to… D. H. Baldwin\""},{"source":"S035","excerpt":"\"merged Gretsch with Kustom in November 1979… Baldwin went bankrupt in 1983\""},{"source":"S131","excerpt":"The sale was completed on July 31, 1967."},{"source":"S131","excerpt":"parent company Baldwin United declared bankruptcy in late 1983."},{"source":"S035","excerpt":"\"Manufacturing continued for 3 years at the 60 Broadway factory\""},{"source":"S262","excerpt":"60 Broadway, Brooklyn (1916)"},{"source":"S263","excerpt":"in 1916, manufacturing and offices moved to larger premises, still in Brooklyn"}]},{"line":"L006","from":1970,"to":1981,"owner":"CO011","parent":null,"plant":"P012","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S035","excerpt":"\"In 1967, Fred Gretsch, Jr. sold the Gretsch Company to… D. H. Baldwin\""},{"source":"S035","excerpt":"\"merged Gretsch with Kustom in November 1979… Baldwin went bankrupt in 1983\""},{"source":"S131","excerpt":"The sale was completed on July 31, 1967."},{"source":"S131","excerpt":"parent company Baldwin United declared bankruptcy in late 1983."},{"source":"S043","excerpt":"\"moved to Booneville, Arkansas in 1970\""},{"source":"S044","excerpt":"\"Production continued in Arkansas until 1981\""}]},{"line":"L006","from":1978,"to":1979,"owner":"CO011","parent":null,"plant":"P014","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S035","excerpt":"\"In 1967, Fred Gretsch, Jr. sold the Gretsch Company to… D. H. Baldwin\""},{"source":"S035","excerpt":"\"merged Gretsch with Kustom in November 1979… Baldwin went bankrupt in 1983\""},{"source":"S131","excerpt":"The sale was completed on July 31, 1967."},{"source":"S131","excerpt":"parent company Baldwin United declared bankruptcy in late 1983."},{"source":"S261","excerpt":"Baldwin had experimented briefly with guitar production at their Mexican organ facilities, producing perhaps 100 Southern Belle guitars (basically renamed Country Gentlemans) between 1978 and 1979."}]},{"line":"L009","from":1988,"to":1990,"owner":"CO013","parent":null,"plant":"P015","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"In 1984, Fred W. Gretsch… purchased Gretsch back\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 1984 Fred made good on his promise when he and his wife Dinah bought the Gretsch Company back from Baldwin."},{"source":"S223","excerpt":"His offer was accepted, and in November 1984, Fred was able to fulfill his 17-year dream of buying back the Gretsch Company."},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 1984, the couple bought the Gretsch brand back"},{"source":"S037","excerpt":"\"a series of Korean-made electrics named for the Traveling [Wilburys]\""}]},{"line":"L007","from":1989,"to":2003,"owner":"CO013","parent":null,"plant":"P016","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"In 1984, Fred W. Gretsch… purchased Gretsch back\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 1984 Fred made good on his promise when he and his wife Dinah bought the Gretsch Company back from Baldwin."},{"source":"S223","excerpt":"His offer was accepted, and in November 1984, Fred was able to fulfill his 17-year dream of buying back the Gretsch Company."},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 1984, the couple bought the Gretsch brand back"},{"source":"S037","excerpt":"\"chose Terada, an experienced firm in Nagoya\""},{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"1989 - present: Japan (Terada factory)\""}]},{"line":"L013","from":1995,"to":2003,"owner":"CO013","parent":null,"plant":"P019","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"In 1984, Fred W. Gretsch… purchased Gretsch back\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 1984 Fred made good on his promise when he and his wife Dinah bought the Gretsch Company back from Baldwin."},{"source":"S223","excerpt":"His offer was accepted, and in November 1984, Fred was able to fulfill his 17-year dream of buying back the Gretsch Company."},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 1984, the couple bought the Gretsch brand back"},{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"1995 - present: US (Custom & Masterbuilt Series)\""}]},{"line":"L010","from":1999,"to":2003,"owner":"CO013","parent":null,"plant":"P020","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"In 1984, Fred W. Gretsch… purchased Gretsch back\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 1984 Fred made good on his promise when he and his wife Dinah bought the Gretsch Company back from Baldwin."},{"source":"S223","excerpt":"His offer was accepted, and in November 1984, Fred was able to fulfill his 17-year dream of buying back the Gretsch Company."},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 1984, the couple bought the Gretsch brand back"},{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"Starting in 1999… budget-level Electromatic… in Korea\""},{"source":"S047","excerpt":"\"KP = Korea - Peerless\""}]},{"line":"L011","from":1999,"to":2003,"owner":"CO013","parent":null,"plant":"P020","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"In 1984, Fred W. Gretsch… purchased Gretsch back\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 1984 Fred made good on his promise when he and his wife Dinah bought the Gretsch Company back from Baldwin."},{"source":"S223","excerpt":"His offer was accepted, and in November 1984, Fred was able to fulfill his 17-year dream of buying back the Gretsch Company."},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 1984, the couple bought the Gretsch brand back"},{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"Starting in 1999… budget-level Electromatic… in Korea\""}]},{"line":"L010","from":2000,"to":2003,"owner":"CO013","parent":null,"plant":"P022","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"In 1984, Fred W. Gretsch… purchased Gretsch back\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 1984 Fred made good on his promise when he and his wife Dinah bought the Gretsch Company back from Baldwin."},{"source":"S223","excerpt":"His offer was accepted, and in November 1984, Fred was able to fulfill his 17-year dream of buying back the Gretsch Company."},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 1984, the couple bought the Gretsch brand back"},{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"CY = China - Yako\""},{"source":"S049","excerpt":"\"transitioned to China between June and July of 2021\""}]},{"line":"L013","from":2003,"to":2004,"owner":"CO001","parent":"CO013","plant":"P019","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"In 1984, Fred W. Gretsch… purchased Gretsch back\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 1984 Fred made good on his promise when he and his wife Dinah bought the Gretsch Company back from Baldwin."},{"source":"S223","excerpt":"His offer was accepted, and in November 1984, Fred was able to fulfill his 17-year dream of buying back the Gretsch Company."},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 1984, the couple bought the Gretsch brand back"},{"source":"S038","excerpt":"\"Fender acquired licensing for the manufacture, distribution and marketing… in 2002\""},{"source":"S037","excerpt":"\"starting officially on the first day of 2003\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 2002 Gretsch and Fender announced an alliance that granted Fender exclusive rights to develop, market, and distribute Gretsch guitars."},{"source":"S034","excerpt":"In late 2002 a deal was struck for Fender Musical Instruments Corp. to handle Gretsch Guitars manufacturing and distribution"},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 2002, Gretsch and Fender Musical Instruments Corp announced a strategic partnership."},{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"1995 - present: US (Custom & Masterbuilt Series)\""}]},{"line":"L011","from":2003,"to":2008,"owner":"CO001","parent":"CO013","plant":"P020","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"In 1984, Fred W. Gretsch… purchased Gretsch back\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 1984 Fred made good on his promise when he and his wife Dinah bought the Gretsch Company back from Baldwin."},{"source":"S223","excerpt":"His offer was accepted, and in November 1984, Fred was able to fulfill his 17-year dream of buying back the Gretsch Company."},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 1984, the couple bought the Gretsch brand back"},{"source":"S038","excerpt":"\"Fender acquired licensing for the manufacture, distribution and marketing… in 2002\""},{"source":"S037","excerpt":"\"starting officially on the first day of 2003\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 2002 Gretsch and Fender announced an alliance that granted Fender exclusive rights to develop, market, and distribute Gretsch guitars."},{"source":"S034","excerpt":"In late 2002 a deal was struck for Fender Musical Instruments Corp. to handle Gretsch Guitars manufacturing and distribution"},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 2002, Gretsch and Fender Musical Instruments Corp announced a strategic partnership."},{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"Starting in 1999… budget-level Electromatic… in Korea\""}]},{"line":"L010","from":2003,"to":null,"owner":"CO001","parent":"CO013","plant":"P022","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"In 1984, Fred W. Gretsch… purchased Gretsch back\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 1984 Fred made good on his promise when he and his wife Dinah bought the Gretsch Company back from Baldwin."},{"source":"S223","excerpt":"His offer was accepted, and in November 1984, Fred was able to fulfill his 17-year dream of buying back the Gretsch Company."},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 1984, the couple bought the Gretsch brand back"},{"source":"S038","excerpt":"\"Fender acquired licensing for the manufacture, distribution and marketing… in 2002\""},{"source":"S037","excerpt":"\"starting officially on the first day of 2003\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 2002 Gretsch and Fender announced an alliance that granted Fender exclusive rights to develop, market, and distribute Gretsch guitars."},{"source":"S034","excerpt":"In late 2002 a deal was struck for Fender Musical Instruments Corp. to handle Gretsch Guitars manufacturing and distribution"},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 2002, Gretsch and Fender Musical Instruments Corp announced a strategic partnership."},{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"CY = China - Yako\""},{"source":"S049","excerpt":"\"transitioned to China between June and July of 2021\""}]},{"line":"L010","from":2003,"to":2008,"owner":"CO001","parent":"CO013","plant":"P020","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"In 1984, Fred W. Gretsch… purchased Gretsch back\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 1984 Fred made good on his promise when he and his wife Dinah bought the Gretsch Company back from Baldwin."},{"source":"S223","excerpt":"His offer was accepted, and in November 1984, Fred was able to fulfill his 17-year dream of buying back the Gretsch Company."},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 1984, the couple bought the Gretsch brand back"},{"source":"S038","excerpt":"\"Fender acquired licensing for the manufacture, distribution and marketing… in 2002\""},{"source":"S037","excerpt":"\"starting officially on the first day of 2003\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 2002 Gretsch and Fender announced an alliance that granted Fender exclusive rights to develop, market, and distribute Gretsch guitars."},{"source":"S034","excerpt":"In late 2002 a deal was struck for Fender Musical Instruments Corp. to handle Gretsch Guitars manufacturing and distribution"},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 2002, Gretsch and Fender Musical Instruments Corp announced a strategic partnership."},{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"Starting in 1999… budget-level Electromatic… in Korea\""},{"source":"S047","excerpt":"\"KP = Korea - Peerless\""}]},{"line":"L008","from":2003,"to":2006,"owner":"CO001","parent":"CO013","plant":"P018","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"In 1984, Fred W. Gretsch… purchased Gretsch back\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 1984 Fred made good on his promise when he and his wife Dinah bought the Gretsch Company back from Baldwin."},{"source":"S223","excerpt":"His offer was accepted, and in November 1984, Fred was able to fulfill his 17-year dream of buying back the Gretsch Company."},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 1984, the couple bought the Gretsch brand back"},{"source":"S038","excerpt":"\"Fender acquired licensing for the manufacture, distribution and marketing… in 2002\""},{"source":"S037","excerpt":"\"starting officially on the first day of 2003\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 2002 Gretsch and Fender announced an alliance that granted Fender exclusive rights to develop, market, and distribute Gretsch guitars."},{"source":"S034","excerpt":"In late 2002 a deal was struck for Fender Musical Instruments Corp. to handle Gretsch Guitars manufacturing and distribution"},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 2002, Gretsch and Fender Musical Instruments Corp announced a strategic partnership."},{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"JF = Japan - FujiGen Gakki\""},{"source":"S064","excerpt":"some Gretsch models and their own branded FGN guitars"}]},{"line":"L008","from":2003,"to":2006,"owner":"CO001","parent":"CO013","plant":"P017","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"In 1984, Fred W. Gretsch… purchased Gretsch back\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 1984 Fred made good on his promise when he and his wife Dinah bought the Gretsch Company back from Baldwin."},{"source":"S223","excerpt":"His offer was accepted, and in November 1984, Fred was able to fulfill his 17-year dream of buying back the Gretsch Company."},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 1984, the couple bought the Gretsch brand back"},{"source":"S038","excerpt":"\"Fender acquired licensing for the manufacture, distribution and marketing… in 2002\""},{"source":"S037","excerpt":"\"starting officially on the first day of 2003\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 2002 Gretsch and Fender announced an alliance that granted Fender exclusive rights to develop, market, and distribute Gretsch guitars."},{"source":"S034","excerpt":"In late 2002 a deal was struck for Fender Musical Instruments Corp. to handle Gretsch Guitars manufacturing and distribution"},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 2002, Gretsch and Fender Musical Instruments Corp announced a strategic partnership."},{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"JD = Japan - Dyna Gakki\""}]},{"line":"L007","from":2003,"to":null,"owner":"CO001","parent":"CO013","plant":"P016","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"In 1984, Fred W. Gretsch… purchased Gretsch back\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 1984 Fred made good on his promise when he and his wife Dinah bought the Gretsch Company back from Baldwin."},{"source":"S223","excerpt":"His offer was accepted, and in November 1984, Fred was able to fulfill his 17-year dream of buying back the Gretsch Company."},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 1984, the couple bought the Gretsch brand back"},{"source":"S038","excerpt":"\"Fender acquired licensing for the manufacture, distribution and marketing… in 2002\""},{"source":"S037","excerpt":"\"starting officially on the first day of 2003\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 2002 Gretsch and Fender announced an alliance that granted Fender exclusive rights to develop, market, and distribute Gretsch guitars."},{"source":"S034","excerpt":"In late 2002 a deal was struck for Fender Musical Instruments Corp. to handle Gretsch Guitars manufacturing and distribution"},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 2002, Gretsch and Fender Musical Instruments Corp announced a strategic partnership."},{"source":"S037","excerpt":"\"chose Terada, an experienced firm in Nagoya\""},{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"1989 - present: Japan (Terada factory)\""}]},{"line":"L013","from":2004,"to":null,"owner":"CO001","parent":"CO013","plant":"P004","reliability":"primary","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"In 1984, Fred W. Gretsch… purchased Gretsch back\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 1984 Fred made good on his promise when he and his wife Dinah bought the Gretsch Company back from Baldwin."},{"source":"S223","excerpt":"His offer was accepted, and in November 1984, Fred was able to fulfill his 17-year dream of buying back the Gretsch Company."},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 1984, the couple bought the Gretsch brand back"},{"source":"S038","excerpt":"\"Fender acquired licensing for the manufacture, distribution and marketing… in 2002\""},{"source":"S037","excerpt":"\"starting officially on the first day of 2003\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 2002 Gretsch and Fender announced an alliance that granted Fender exclusive rights to develop, market, and distribute Gretsch guitars."},{"source":"S034","excerpt":"In late 2002 a deal was struck for Fender Musical Instruments Corp. to handle Gretsch Guitars manufacturing and distribution"},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 2002, Gretsch and Fender Musical Instruments Corp announced a strategic partnership."},{"source":"S038","excerpt":"Gretsch Custom Shop is now located in the rolling hills of Corona, Calif."},{"source":"S260","excerpt":"With Stern tied up with Benedetto, Fleming and Fender’s George Blanda were tabbed to build the first-ever custom U.S.-made Gretsch models, which debuted at the 2004 winter NAMM Show."}]},{"line":"L011","from":2008,"to":null,"owner":"CO001","parent":"CO013","plant":null,"reliability":"primary","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"In 1984, Fred W. Gretsch… purchased Gretsch back\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 1984 Fred made good on his promise when he and his wife Dinah bought the Gretsch Company back from Baldwin."},{"source":"S223","excerpt":"His offer was accepted, and in November 1984, Fred was able to fulfill his 17-year dream of buying back the Gretsch Company."},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 1984, the couple bought the Gretsch brand back"},{"source":"S038","excerpt":"\"Fender acquired licensing for the manufacture, distribution and marketing… in 2002\""},{"source":"S037","excerpt":"\"starting officially on the first day of 2003\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 2002 Gretsch and Fender announced an alliance that granted Fender exclusive rights to develop, market, and distribute Gretsch guitars."},{"source":"S034","excerpt":"In late 2002 a deal was struck for Fender Musical Instruments Corp. to handle Gretsch Guitars manufacturing and distribution"},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 2002, Gretsch and Fender Musical Instruments Corp announced a strategic partnership."}]},{"line":"L012","from":2016,"to":null,"owner":"CO001","parent":"CO013","plant":"P023","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S034","excerpt":"\"In 1984, Fred W. Gretsch… purchased Gretsch back\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 1984 Fred made good on his promise when he and his wife Dinah bought the Gretsch Company back from Baldwin."},{"source":"S223","excerpt":"His offer was accepted, and in November 1984, Fred was able to fulfill his 17-year dream of buying back the Gretsch Company."},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 1984, the couple bought the Gretsch brand back"},{"source":"S038","excerpt":"\"Fender acquired licensing for the manufacture, distribution and marketing… in 2002\""},{"source":"S037","excerpt":"\"starting officially on the first day of 2003\""},{"source":"S132","excerpt":"In 2002 Gretsch and Fender announced an alliance that granted Fender exclusive rights to develop, market, and distribute Gretsch guitars."},{"source":"S034","excerpt":"In late 2002 a deal was struck for Fender Musical Instruments Corp. to handle Gretsch Guitars manufacturing and distribution"},{"source":"S226","excerpt":"In 2002, Gretsch and Fender Musical Instruments Corp announced a strategic partnership."},{"source":"S050","excerpt":"\"Streamliner models are made in Indonesia\""},{"source":"S040","excerpt":"\"IS = Indonesia – Samick\""}]}],"models":[{"id":"M014","slug":"gretsch-duo-jet","name":"Duo Jet","category":"electric","introduced":1953,"discontinued":null,"line":"L005","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S004","excerpt":null},{"source":"S259","excerpt":"Duo Jet appeared in 1953."}]},{"id":"M101","slug":"gretsch-6120-chet-atkins-hollow-body","name":"6120 Chet Atkins Hollow Body","category":"electric","introduced":1954,"discontinued":1980,"line":"L005","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S386","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M110","slug":"gretsch-rancher-6022-7525","name":"Rancher 6022/7525","category":"acoustic","introduced":1954,"discontinued":1973,"line":"L005","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S390","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M105","slug":"gretsch-round-up-6130","name":"Round-up 6130","category":"electric","introduced":1954,"discontinued":1960,"line":"L005","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S386","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M008","slug":"gretsch-white-falcon","name":"White Falcon","category":"electric","introduced":1954,"discontinued":null,"line":"L005","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S053","excerpt":null},{"source":"S259","excerpt":"In 1954, Gretsch’s flagship White Falcon was unveiled at the NAMM trade show"},{"source":"S393","excerpt":null},{"source":"S386","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M013","slug":"gretsch-6120","name":"6120","category":"electric","introduced":1954,"discontinued":null,"line":"L005","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S004","excerpt":null},{"source":"S259","excerpt":"In 1954, Gretsch’s flagship White Falcon was unveiled at the NAMM trade show, while the premier guitar hero of the day, Chet Atkins, received his first signature model, the Hollow Body, the same year."}]},{"id":"M106","slug":"gretsch-white-penguin-6134","name":"White Penguin 6134","category":"electric","introduced":1955,"discontinued":1964,"line":"L005","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S386","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M108","slug":"gretsch-jet-firebird-6131","name":"Jet Firebird 6131","category":"electric","introduced":1955,"discontinued":1971,"line":"L005","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S388","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M109","slug":"gretsch-silver-jet-6129","name":"Silver Jet 6129","category":"electric","introduced":1955,"discontinued":1963,"line":"L005","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S389","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M102","slug":"gretsch-country-gentleman-6122","name":"Country Gentleman 6122","category":"electric","introduced":1957,"discontinued":1981,"line":"L005","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S386","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M015","slug":"gretsch-country-gentleman","name":"Country Gentleman","category":"electric","introduced":1957,"discontinued":null,"line":"L005","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S004","excerpt":null},{"source":"S259","excerpt":"Atkins’ top-of-the-range Country Gentleman was then developed in 1957 for the 1958 model year."}]},{"id":"M103","slug":"gretsch-tennessean-6119","name":"Tennessean 6119","category":"electric","introduced":1958,"discontinued":1980,"line":"L005","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S386","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M104","slug":"gretsch-anniversary-6124-6125","name":"Anniversary 6124/6125","category":"electric","introduced":1958,"discontinued":1972,"line":"L005","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S386","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M107","slug":"gretsch-corvette-6132-6135","name":"Corvette 6132-6135","category":"electric","introduced":1961,"discontinued":1978,"line":"L005","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S387","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M009","slug":"gretsch-7681-atkins-super-axe","name":"7681 Atkins Super Axe","category":"electric","introduced":1978,"discontinued":null,"line":"L006","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S004","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M010","slug":"gretsch-traveling-wilburys","name":"Traveling Wilburys","category":"electric","introduced":1988,"discontinued":null,"line":"L009","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S037","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M111","slug":"gretsch-brian-setzer-nashville-g6120-ssl","name":"Brian Setzer Nashville G6120-SSL","category":"electric","introduced":1994,"discontinued":null,"line":null,"reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S386","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M012","slug":"gretsch-billy-duffy-signature","name":"Billy Duffy signature","category":"electric","introduced":2013,"discontinued":null,"line":"L013","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S004","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M011","slug":"gretsch-streamliner-collection","name":"Streamliner Collection","category":"electric","introduced":2016,"discontinued":null,"line":"L012","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S051","excerpt":null}]}],"materials":[]},{"code":"B001","slug":"guild","name":"Guild","founded":1952,"country":"USA","website":"https://www.guildguitars.com/","cites":[{"source":"S002","excerpt":"\"started in 1952 by Alfred Dronge\""},{"source":"S126","excerpt":"Guild was founded in 1952 by Alfred Dronge (who did hire great guitar builders)."},{"source":"S217","excerpt":"The Guild Guitar Co. was founded in 1952"}],"controls":[{"id":"BC001","from":1952,"to":1966,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":"K001","note":"founding year 1952 (Blue Book) vs 1953 (Premier Guitar); sold to Avnet Jul 1966","cites":[{"source":"S002","excerpt":"\"started in 1952 by Alfred Dronge\""},{"source":"S126","excerpt":"Guild was founded in 1952 by Alfred Dronge (who did hire great guitar builders)."},{"source":"S217","excerpt":"The Guild Guitar Co. was founded in 1952"}],"company":"CO006","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC002","from":1953,"to":1966,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K001","note":"alternative founding year","cites":[{"source":"S021","excerpt":"\"founded in New York in 1953\""}],"company":"CO006","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC049","from":1965,"to":1986,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K024","note":"alternative Avnet start year 1965 (Avnet Centennial article, S130) vs 1966 (Blue Book, MIM, GAD, acousticmusic). Kept disputed; Avnet FY1966 annual report would settle it. 2026-10-15: S218, S221 and S222 also say 1966; only S130 says 1965","cites":[{"source":"S130","excerpt":"Avnet's acquisition of Guild Musical Instruments in 1965 was one of many in the consumer products market."}],"company":"CO007","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC003","from":1966,"to":1986,"precision":"month","reliability":"secondary","conflict":"K024","note":"Jul 1966 start; end year 1986 (mid-August per Blue Book). start 1966 (preferred) vs 1965 (Avnet centennial article, BC049). 2026-10-15: July 1966 per S221, 1966 per S218 and S222 (C486-C488, proposed); no second source found for 1965","cites":[{"source":"S022","excerpt":"\"bought by Avnet for about $5,000,000 in July of 1966\""},{"source":"S126","excerpt":"In 1966, electronic parts producer Avnet Inc. bought Guild Musical Instruments, and Alfred Dronge stayed on as president."},{"source":"S126","excerpt":"In mid-August of 1986, Avnet sold Guild to a management/investment group from New England and Tennessee."},{"source":"S218","excerpt":"In 1966, Guild was sold to the Avnet Corporation, albeit with Alfred Dronge still at the helm overseeing production."},{"source":"S221","excerpt":"Guild was bought by Avnet for about $5,000,000 in July of 1966."},{"source":"S222","excerpt":"Guild was sold to the Avnet Corporation in 1966"}],"company":"CO007","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC004","from":1986,"to":1988,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K002","note":"(investor-group end year) alternative end 1988 (Blue Book acoustic page, C006 region); superseded by 1989 per Blue Book guild history and jedistar. 1988 corresponds to the Nov 1988 default. Legal name of buyer unverified. 2026-10-15: K002 now covers only the investor-group end; the Faas start moved to K033","cites":[{"source":"S003","excerpt":"\"1986 Avnett sells to investors including George Gruhn\""}],"company":"CO008","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC005","from":1986,"to":1989,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":"K002","note":"(investor-group end year) end 1989 (preferred). Deciding source: Blue Book (S126, C351/C352) says the investor group defaulted Nov 1988 and Faas bought Guild Jan 1989; jedistar (accepted C005) also gives 1989. 1988 marks the default, not the sale. 2026-10-15: K002 split so each group has one preferred row; the Faas start is K033","cites":[{"source":"S003","excerpt":"\"1989 Sold to FAAS Corporation\""},{"source":"S126","excerpt":"defaulted on bank obligations in November of 1988, leading to a court supervised financial restructuring."},{"source":"S221","excerpt":"In mid August of 1986, Avnet sold Guild to a management/investment group from New England and Tennessee."},{"source":"S270","excerpt":"Guild Guitars, executive vice president of research and development and artist relations, 1986-88."}],"company":"CO008","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC006","from":1988,"to":1995,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K033","note":"(Faas start year) alternative start 1988 (Blue Book, C006: 'lasted until 1988 when the Faas company bought them out'); end Nov 1995. Disputed by Blue Book's own guild history page (January 1989). Moved from K002 to K033 on 2026-10-15","cites":[{"source":"S002","excerpt":"\"lasted until 1988 when the Faas company… bought them out\""}],"company":"CO009","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC007","from":1989,"to":1995,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":"K033","note":"(Faas start year) start 1989 (preferred); end Nov 1995. Deciding source: Blue Book guild history (S126, C352: January 1989), with jedistar (accepted C007). Legal name: Faas Corporation of New Berlin, WI, later U.S. Music Corporation (rename date unverified). Moved from K002 to K033 on 2026-10-15 so each group has one preferred row","cites":[{"source":"S003","excerpt":"\"1989 Sold to FAAS Corporation\""},{"source":"S126","excerpt":"The Faas Corporation of New Berlin, WI (now U.S. Musical Corporation) bought Guild in January, 1989."},{"source":"S221","excerpt":"And this group sold Guild to the FAAS Corporation (Chuck Faas) which changed name to U.S. Music Corporation."}],"company":"CO009","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC008","from":1995,"to":2014,"precision":"month","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Start Nov 1995 (community source); end is the May 2014 letter of intent (May 6 per Fender newsroom, May 7 per Premier Guitar); closing day unverified","cites":[{"source":"S023","excerpt":"\"FMIC bought Guild from U.S. Music Corporation in November 1995\""},{"source":"S024","excerpt":"\"(May 6, 2014)… letter of intent to sell the Guild guitar brand\""},{"source":"S021","excerpt":"\"Upon finalization of the sale, Cordoba Music Group is expected to begin production in Oxnard, Calif.\""},{"source":"S127","excerpt":"Guild joined the FMIC family in 1995"},{"source":"S128","excerpt":"When Fender bought the company in late 1995, Guild was headquartered in Westerly, Rhode Island."},{"source":"S219","excerpt":"In 1995, Fender acquired the Guild Guitar Company, a Rhode Island-based manufacturer of handmade electric and acoustic"},{"source":"S217","excerpt":"Another big change for Guild came in 1995, when Fender purchased the company."},{"source":"S221","excerpt":"The Fender Musical Instrument Company (FMIC) bought Guild from U.S. Music Corporation in November 1995."}],"company":"CO001","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC009","from":2014,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"primary","conflict":null,"note":"Closing day unverified. Yamaha Guitar Group became parent Feb 2023 (see company_relationship)","cites":[{"source":"S120","excerpt":"\"Guild Guitars… was added to the CMG portfolio in 2014\""},{"source":"S127","excerpt":"finalized a letter of intent to sell the Guild guitar brand and related assets to Cordoba Music Group"},{"source":"S129","excerpt":"has announced that it has finalized the sale of the Guild® guitar brand"}],"company":"CO005","kind":"owns","territory":"world"}],"lines":[{"id":"L001","name":"Guild USA","tier":"usa","from":1952,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR001","from":1952,"to":1956,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S002","excerpt":"\"New York City from 1952 to 56\""}],"plant":"P001","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR002","from":1956,"to":1971,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S027","excerpt":"\"larger workshop in Hoboken… late 1956\""},{"source":"S022","excerpt":"\"By the end of 1971, all factory operations had been transferred to Westerly\""}],"plant":"P002","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR003","from":1967,"to":2001,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":"K003","note":"start 1967 (mmone)","cites":[{"source":"S028","excerpt":"\"opened in 1967 in Westerly\""}],"plant":"P003","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR004","from":1969,"to":2001,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K003","note":"alternative start 1969","cites":[{"source":"S002","excerpt":"\"moved to Westerly… in 1969\""}],"plant":"P003","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR005","from":2001,"to":2004,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"Assembly then full build (report: \"assembly → full\")","cites":[{"source":"S028","excerpt":"\"moved to Fender's headquarters in Corona… until 2004\""}],"plant":"P004","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR006","from":2004,"to":2008,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":"K004","note":"start 2004 (mmone); US acoustics only","cites":[{"source":"S028","excerpt":"\"2004, when Fender acquired Tacoma\""}],"plant":"P005","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR007","from":2005,"to":2008,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K004","note":"alternative start 2005","cites":[{"source":"S002","excerpt":"\"bought in 2005\""}],"plant":"P005","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR008","from":2009,"to":2014,"precision":"month","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Early 2009 start; Traditional, Standard (2010) and GSR lines","cites":[{"source":"S006","excerpt":"\"began production in early 2009, starting with the top-end D-55 and F-50\""}],"plant":"P006","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR009","from":2015,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S029","excerpt":"\"begin making acoustics in its Oxnard facility in 2015\""}],"plant":"P007","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L002","name":"Guild DeArmond (Korea)","tier":"import","from":1998,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR010","from":1998,"to":null,"precision":"circa","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"End unverified; builder unverified","cites":[{"source":"S030","excerpt":"\"manufactured in Korea under the DeArmond brand name\""}],"plant":"P008","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L003","name":"Guild GAD (China)","tier":"import","from":2000,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR011","from":2000,"to":null,"precision":"circa","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"End unverified; builder unverified","cites":[{"source":"S031","excerpt":"\"made at a factory in China under a contract\""}],"plant":"P009","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L004","name":"Guild Westerly Collection (China)","tier":"import","from":2015,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR012","from":2015,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S032","excerpt":"\"made in China by our skilled factory partners\""}],"plant":"P010","role":"full_build"}]}],"eras":[{"line":"L001","from":1952,"to":1956,"owner":"CO006","parent":null,"plant":"P001","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S002","excerpt":"\"started in 1952 by Alfred Dronge\""},{"source":"S126","excerpt":"Guild was founded in 1952 by Alfred Dronge (who did hire great guitar builders)."},{"source":"S217","excerpt":"The Guild Guitar Co. was founded in 1952"},{"source":"S002","excerpt":"\"New York City from 1952 to 56\""}]},{"line":"L001","from":1956,"to":1966,"owner":"CO006","parent":null,"plant":"P002","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S002","excerpt":"\"started in 1952 by Alfred Dronge\""},{"source":"S126","excerpt":"Guild was founded in 1952 by Alfred Dronge (who did hire great guitar builders)."},{"source":"S217","excerpt":"The Guild Guitar Co. was founded in 1952"},{"source":"S027","excerpt":"\"larger workshop in Hoboken… late 1956\""},{"source":"S022","excerpt":"\"By the end of 1971, all factory operations had been transferred to Westerly\""}]},{"line":"L001","from":1966,"to":1971,"owner":"CO007","parent":null,"plant":"P002","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S022","excerpt":"\"bought by Avnet for about $5,000,000 in July of 1966\""},{"source":"S126","excerpt":"In 1966, electronic parts producer Avnet Inc. bought Guild Musical Instruments, and Alfred Dronge stayed on as president."},{"source":"S126","excerpt":"In mid-August of 1986, Avnet sold Guild to a management/investment group from New England and Tennessee."},{"source":"S218","excerpt":"In 1966, Guild was sold to the Avnet Corporation, albeit with Alfred Dronge still at the helm overseeing production."},{"source":"S221","excerpt":"Guild was bought by Avnet for about $5,000,000 in July of 1966."},{"source":"S222","excerpt":"Guild was sold to the Avnet Corporation in 1966"},{"source":"S027","excerpt":"\"larger workshop in Hoboken… late 1956\""},{"source":"S022","excerpt":"\"By the end of 1971, all factory operations had been transferred to Westerly\""}]},{"line":"L001","from":1967,"to":1986,"owner":"CO007","parent":null,"plant":"P003","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S022","excerpt":"\"bought by Avnet for about $5,000,000 in July of 1966\""},{"source":"S126","excerpt":"In 1966, electronic parts producer Avnet Inc. bought Guild Musical Instruments, and Alfred Dronge stayed on as president."},{"source":"S126","excerpt":"In mid-August of 1986, Avnet sold Guild to a management/investment group from New England and Tennessee."},{"source":"S218","excerpt":"In 1966, Guild was sold to the Avnet Corporation, albeit with Alfred Dronge still at the helm overseeing production."},{"source":"S221","excerpt":"Guild was bought by Avnet for about $5,000,000 in July of 1966."},{"source":"S222","excerpt":"Guild was sold to the Avnet Corporation in 1966"},{"source":"S028","excerpt":"\"opened in 1967 in Westerly\""}]},{"line":"L001","from":1986,"to":1989,"owner":"CO008","parent":null,"plant":"P003","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S003","excerpt":"\"1989 Sold to FAAS Corporation\""},{"source":"S126","excerpt":"defaulted on bank obligations in November of 1988, leading to a court supervised financial restructuring."},{"source":"S221","excerpt":"In mid August of 1986, Avnet sold Guild to a management/investment group from New England and Tennessee."},{"source":"S270","excerpt":"Guild Guitars, executive vice president of research and development and artist relations, 1986-88."},{"source":"S028","excerpt":"\"opened in 1967 in Westerly\""}]},{"line":"L001","from":1989,"to":1995,"owner":"CO009","parent":null,"plant":"P003","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S003","excerpt":"\"1989 Sold to FAAS Corporation\""},{"source":"S126","excerpt":"The Faas Corporation of New Berlin, WI (now U.S. Musical Corporation) bought Guild in January, 1989."},{"source":"S221","excerpt":"And this group sold Guild to the FAAS Corporation (Chuck Faas) which changed name to U.S. Music Corporation."},{"source":"S028","excerpt":"\"opened in 1967 in Westerly\""}]},{"line":"L001","from":1995,"to":2001,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":"P003","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S023","excerpt":"\"FMIC bought Guild from U.S. Music Corporation in November 1995\""},{"source":"S024","excerpt":"\"(May 6, 2014)… letter of intent to sell the Guild guitar brand\""},{"source":"S021","excerpt":"\"Upon finalization of the sale, Cordoba Music Group is expected to begin production in Oxnard, Calif.\""},{"source":"S127","excerpt":"Guild joined the FMIC family in 1995"},{"source":"S128","excerpt":"When Fender bought the company in late 1995, Guild was headquartered in Westerly, Rhode Island."},{"source":"S219","excerpt":"In 1995, Fender acquired the Guild Guitar Company, a Rhode Island-based manufacturer of handmade electric and acoustic"},{"source":"S217","excerpt":"Another big change for Guild came in 1995, when Fender purchased the company."},{"source":"S221","excerpt":"The Fender Musical Instrument Company (FMIC) bought Guild from U.S. Music Corporation in November 1995."},{"source":"S028","excerpt":"\"opened in 1967 in Westerly\""}]},{"line":"L002","from":1998,"to":2014,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":"P008","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S023","excerpt":"\"FMIC bought Guild from U.S. Music Corporation in November 1995\""},{"source":"S024","excerpt":"\"(May 6, 2014)… letter of intent to sell the Guild guitar brand\""},{"source":"S021","excerpt":"\"Upon finalization of the sale, Cordoba Music Group is expected to begin production in Oxnard, Calif.\""},{"source":"S127","excerpt":"Guild joined the FMIC family in 1995"},{"source":"S128","excerpt":"When Fender bought the company in late 1995, Guild was headquartered in Westerly, Rhode Island."},{"source":"S219","excerpt":"In 1995, Fender acquired the Guild Guitar Company, a Rhode Island-based manufacturer of handmade electric and acoustic"},{"source":"S217","excerpt":"Another big change for Guild came in 1995, when Fender purchased the company."},{"source":"S221","excerpt":"The Fender Musical Instrument Company (FMIC) bought Guild from U.S. Music Corporation in November 1995."},{"source":"S030","excerpt":"\"manufactured in Korea under the DeArmond brand name\""}]},{"line":"L003","from":2000,"to":2014,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":"P009","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S023","excerpt":"\"FMIC bought Guild from U.S. Music Corporation in November 1995\""},{"source":"S024","excerpt":"\"(May 6, 2014)… letter of intent to sell the Guild guitar brand\""},{"source":"S021","excerpt":"\"Upon finalization of the sale, Cordoba Music Group is expected to begin production in Oxnard, Calif.\""},{"source":"S127","excerpt":"Guild joined the FMIC family in 1995"},{"source":"S128","excerpt":"When Fender bought the company in late 1995, Guild was headquartered in Westerly, Rhode Island."},{"source":"S219","excerpt":"In 1995, Fender acquired the Guild Guitar Company, a Rhode Island-based manufacturer of handmade electric and acoustic"},{"source":"S217","excerpt":"Another big change for Guild came in 1995, when Fender purchased the company."},{"source":"S221","excerpt":"The Fender Musical Instrument Company (FMIC) bought Guild from U.S. Music Corporation in November 1995."},{"source":"S031","excerpt":"\"made at a factory in China under a contract\""}]},{"line":"L001","from":2001,"to":2004,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":"P004","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S023","excerpt":"\"FMIC bought Guild from U.S. Music Corporation in November 1995\""},{"source":"S024","excerpt":"\"(May 6, 2014)… letter of intent to sell the Guild guitar brand\""},{"source":"S021","excerpt":"\"Upon finalization of the sale, Cordoba Music Group is expected to begin production in Oxnard, Calif.\""},{"source":"S127","excerpt":"Guild joined the FMIC family in 1995"},{"source":"S128","excerpt":"When Fender bought the company in late 1995, Guild was headquartered in Westerly, Rhode Island."},{"source":"S219","excerpt":"In 1995, Fender acquired the Guild Guitar Company, a Rhode Island-based manufacturer of handmade electric and acoustic"},{"source":"S217","excerpt":"Another big change for Guild came in 1995, when Fender purchased the company."},{"source":"S221","excerpt":"The Fender Musical Instrument Company (FMIC) bought Guild from U.S. Music Corporation in November 1995."},{"source":"S028","excerpt":"\"moved to Fender's headquarters in Corona… until 2004\""}]},{"line":"L001","from":2004,"to":2008,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":"P005","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S023","excerpt":"\"FMIC bought Guild from U.S. Music Corporation in November 1995\""},{"source":"S024","excerpt":"\"(May 6, 2014)… letter of intent to sell the Guild guitar brand\""},{"source":"S021","excerpt":"\"Upon finalization of the sale, Cordoba Music Group is expected to begin production in Oxnard, Calif.\""},{"source":"S127","excerpt":"Guild joined the FMIC family in 1995"},{"source":"S128","excerpt":"When Fender bought the company in late 1995, Guild was headquartered in Westerly, Rhode Island."},{"source":"S219","excerpt":"In 1995, Fender acquired the Guild Guitar Company, a Rhode Island-based manufacturer of handmade electric and acoustic"},{"source":"S217","excerpt":"Another big change for Guild came in 1995, when Fender purchased the company."},{"source":"S221","excerpt":"The Fender Musical Instrument Company (FMIC) bought Guild from U.S. Music Corporation in November 1995."},{"source":"S028","excerpt":"\"2004, when Fender acquired Tacoma\""}]},{"line":"L001","from":2008,"to":2009,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":null,"reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S023","excerpt":"\"FMIC bought Guild from U.S. Music Corporation in November 1995\""},{"source":"S024","excerpt":"\"(May 6, 2014)… letter of intent to sell the Guild guitar brand\""},{"source":"S021","excerpt":"\"Upon finalization of the sale, Cordoba Music Group is expected to begin production in Oxnard, Calif.\""},{"source":"S127","excerpt":"Guild joined the FMIC family in 1995"},{"source":"S128","excerpt":"When Fender bought the company in late 1995, Guild was headquartered in Westerly, Rhode Island."},{"source":"S219","excerpt":"In 1995, Fender acquired the Guild Guitar Company, a Rhode Island-based manufacturer of handmade electric and acoustic"},{"source":"S217","excerpt":"Another big change for Guild came in 1995, when Fender purchased the company."},{"source":"S221","excerpt":"The Fender Musical Instrument Company (FMIC) bought Guild from U.S. Music Corporation in November 1995."}]},{"line":"L001","from":2009,"to":2014,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":"P006","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S023","excerpt":"\"FMIC bought Guild from U.S. Music Corporation in November 1995\""},{"source":"S024","excerpt":"\"(May 6, 2014)… letter of intent to sell the Guild guitar brand\""},{"source":"S021","excerpt":"\"Upon finalization of the sale, Cordoba Music Group is expected to begin production in Oxnard, Calif.\""},{"source":"S127","excerpt":"Guild joined the FMIC family in 1995"},{"source":"S128","excerpt":"When Fender bought the company in late 1995, Guild was headquartered in Westerly, Rhode Island."},{"source":"S219","excerpt":"In 1995, Fender acquired the Guild Guitar Company, a Rhode Island-based manufacturer of handmade electric and acoustic"},{"source":"S217","excerpt":"Another big change for Guild came in 1995, when Fender purchased the company."},{"source":"S221","excerpt":"The Fender Musical Instrument Company (FMIC) bought Guild from U.S. Music Corporation in November 1995."},{"source":"S006","excerpt":"\"began production in early 2009, starting with the top-end D-55 and F-50\""}]},{"line":"L002","from":2014,"to":2023,"owner":"CO005","parent":null,"plant":"P008","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S120","excerpt":"\"Guild Guitars… was added to the CMG portfolio in 2014\""},{"source":"S127","excerpt":"finalized a letter of intent to sell the Guild guitar brand and related assets to Cordoba Music Group"},{"source":"S129","excerpt":"has announced that it has finalized the sale of the Guild® guitar brand"},{"source":"S030","excerpt":"\"manufactured in Korea under the DeArmond brand name\""}]},{"line":"L001","from":2014,"to":2015,"owner":"CO005","parent":null,"plant":null,"reliability":"primary","cites":[{"source":"S120","excerpt":"\"Guild Guitars… was added to the CMG portfolio in 2014\""},{"source":"S127","excerpt":"finalized a letter of intent to sell the Guild guitar brand and related assets to Cordoba Music Group"},{"source":"S129","excerpt":"has announced that it has finalized the sale of the Guild® guitar brand"}]},{"line":"L003","from":2014,"to":2023,"owner":"CO005","parent":null,"plant":"P009","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S120","excerpt":"\"Guild Guitars… was added to the CMG portfolio in 2014\""},{"source":"S127","excerpt":"finalized a letter of intent to sell the Guild guitar brand and related assets to Cordoba Music Group"},{"source":"S129","excerpt":"has announced that it has finalized the sale of the Guild® guitar brand"},{"source":"S031","excerpt":"\"made at a factory in China under a contract\""}]},{"line":"L004","from":2015,"to":2023,"owner":"CO005","parent":null,"plant":"P010","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S120","excerpt":"\"Guild Guitars… was added to the CMG portfolio in 2014\""},{"source":"S127","excerpt":"finalized a letter of intent to sell the Guild guitar brand and related assets to Cordoba Music Group"},{"source":"S129","excerpt":"has announced that it has finalized the sale of the Guild® guitar brand"},{"source":"S032","excerpt":"\"made in China by our skilled factory partners\""}]},{"line":"L001","from":2015,"to":2023,"owner":"CO005","parent":null,"plant":"P007","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S120","excerpt":"\"Guild Guitars… was added to the CMG portfolio in 2014\""},{"source":"S127","excerpt":"finalized a letter of intent to sell the Guild guitar brand and related assets to Cordoba Music Group"},{"source":"S129","excerpt":"has announced that it has finalized the sale of the Guild® guitar brand"},{"source":"S029","excerpt":"\"begin making acoustics in its Oxnard facility in 2015\""}]},{"line":"L003","from":2023,"to":null,"owner":"CO005","parent":"CO004","plant":"P009","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S120","excerpt":"\"Guild Guitars… was added to the CMG portfolio in 2014\""},{"source":"S127","excerpt":"finalized a letter of intent to sell the Guild guitar brand and related assets to Cordoba Music Group"},{"source":"S129","excerpt":"has announced that it has finalized the sale of the Guild® guitar brand"},{"source":"S026","excerpt":"\"acquired the equity interest of Cordoba Music Group, LLC… making it a sub-subsidiary\""},{"source":"S026","excerpt":"Acquisition date: February 7, 2023"},{"source":"S268","excerpt":"Yamaha Guitar Group, Inc., a U.S. subsidiary of Japan-based Yamaha Corporation"},{"source":"S269","excerpt":"Yamaha Guitar Group, a U.S. subsidiary of Japan-based Yamaha Corporation"},{"source":"S031","excerpt":"\"made at a factory in China under a contract\""}]},{"line":"L001","from":2023,"to":null,"owner":"CO005","parent":"CO004","plant":"P007","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S120","excerpt":"\"Guild Guitars… was added to the CMG portfolio in 2014\""},{"source":"S127","excerpt":"finalized a letter of intent to sell the Guild guitar brand and related assets to Cordoba Music Group"},{"source":"S129","excerpt":"has announced that it has finalized the sale of the Guild® guitar brand"},{"source":"S026","excerpt":"\"acquired the equity interest of Cordoba Music Group, LLC… making it a sub-subsidiary\""},{"source":"S026","excerpt":"Acquisition date: February 7, 2023"},{"source":"S268","excerpt":"Yamaha Guitar Group, Inc., a U.S. subsidiary of Japan-based Yamaha Corporation"},{"source":"S269","excerpt":"Yamaha Guitar Group, a U.S. subsidiary of Japan-based Yamaha Corporation"},{"source":"S029","excerpt":"\"begin making acoustics in its Oxnard facility in 2015\""}]},{"line":"L002","from":2023,"to":null,"owner":"CO005","parent":"CO004","plant":"P008","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S120","excerpt":"\"Guild Guitars… was added to the CMG portfolio in 2014\""},{"source":"S127","excerpt":"finalized a letter of intent to sell the Guild guitar brand and related assets to Cordoba Music Group"},{"source":"S129","excerpt":"has announced that it has finalized the sale of the Guild® guitar brand"},{"source":"S026","excerpt":"\"acquired the equity interest of Cordoba Music Group, LLC… making it a sub-subsidiary\""},{"source":"S026","excerpt":"Acquisition date: February 7, 2023"},{"source":"S268","excerpt":"Yamaha Guitar Group, Inc., a U.S. subsidiary of Japan-based Yamaha Corporation"},{"source":"S269","excerpt":"Yamaha Guitar Group, a U.S. subsidiary of Japan-based Yamaha Corporation"},{"source":"S030","excerpt":"\"manufactured in Korea under the DeArmond brand name\""}]},{"line":"L004","from":2023,"to":null,"owner":"CO005","parent":"CO004","plant":"P010","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S120","excerpt":"\"Guild Guitars… was added to the CMG portfolio in 2014\""},{"source":"S127","excerpt":"finalized a letter of intent to sell the Guild guitar brand and related assets to Cordoba Music Group"},{"source":"S129","excerpt":"has announced that it has finalized the sale of the Guild® guitar brand"},{"source":"S026","excerpt":"\"acquired the equity interest of Cordoba Music Group, LLC… making it a sub-subsidiary\""},{"source":"S026","excerpt":"Acquisition date: February 7, 2023"},{"source":"S268","excerpt":"Yamaha Guitar Group, Inc., a U.S. subsidiary of Japan-based Yamaha Corporation"},{"source":"S269","excerpt":"Yamaha Guitar Group, a U.S. subsidiary of Japan-based Yamaha Corporation"},{"source":"S032","excerpt":"\"made in China by our skilled factory partners\""}]}],"models":[{"id":"M099","slug":"guild-x-500","name":"X-500","category":"archtop","introduced":1953,"discontinued":1995,"line":"L001","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S377","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M100","slug":"guild-aristocrat-m-75","name":"Aristocrat M-75","category":"electric","introduced":1954,"discontinued":1963,"line":"L001","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S379","excerpt":null},{"source":"S380","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M098","slug":"guild-x-175-manhattan","name":"X-175 Manhattan","category":"archtop","introduced":1954,"discontinued":1984,"line":"L001","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S376","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M090","slug":"guild-f-30-aragon","name":"F-30 Aragon","category":"acoustic","introduced":1954,"discontinued":1986,"line":"L001","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S371","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M001","slug":"guild-first-electric-archtop","name":"First electric archtop","category":"archtop","introduced":1954,"discontinued":null,"line":"L001","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S006","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M089","slug":"guild-f-50-navarre","name":"F-50 Navarre","category":"acoustic","introduced":1954,"discontinued":1987,"line":"L001","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S370","excerpt":null},{"source":"S384","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M002","slug":"guild-stuart-series","name":"Stuart series","category":"archtop","introduced":1956,"discontinued":null,"line":"L001","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S006","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M003","slug":"guild-artist-award-archtop","name":"Artist Award archtop","category":"archtop","introduced":1956,"discontinued":null,"line":"L001","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S006","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M095","slug":"guild-starfire-i","name":"Starfire I","category":"electric","introduced":1961,"discontinued":1966,"line":"L001","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S374","excerpt":null},{"source":"S385","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M096","slug":"guild-starfire-iv","name":"Starfire IV","category":"electric","introduced":1963,"discontinued":1994,"line":"L001","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S375","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M091","slug":"guild-d-50-bluegrass-special","name":"D-50 Bluegrass Special","category":"acoustic","introduced":1963,"discontinued":1993,"line":"L001","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S373","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M097","slug":"guild-starfire-v","name":"Starfire V","category":"electric","introduced":1963,"discontinued":1972,"line":"L001","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S376","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M092","slug":"guild-f-212xl-12-string","name":"F-212XL 12-String","category":"acoustic","introduced":1966,"discontinued":1986,"line":"L001","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S372","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M004","slug":"guild-d-40","name":"D-40","category":"acoustic","introduced":1969,"discontinued":null,"line":"L001","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S006","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M005","slug":"guild-s-100-polara","name":"S-100 Polara","category":"electric","introduced":1972,"discontinued":null,"line":"L001","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S006","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M093","slug":"guild-jf-30","name":"JF-30","category":"acoustic","introduced":1987,"discontinued":2003,"line":"L001","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S373","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M094","slug":"guild-jf-55","name":"JF-55","category":"acoustic","introduced":1989,"discontinued":2000,"line":"L001","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S373","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M007","slug":"guild-x700","name":"X700","category":"archtop","introduced":1999,"discontinued":null,"line":"L001","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S006","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M006","slug":"guild-benedetto-redesigned-artist-award","name":"Benedetto-redesigned Artist Award","category":"archtop","introduced":1999,"discontinued":null,"line":"L001","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S006","excerpt":null}]}],"materials":[]},{"code":"B010","slug":"harmony","name":"Harmony","founded":1892,"country":"USA","website":"https://harmony.co/","cites":[{"source":"S111","excerpt":"\"founded in 1892 by Wilhelm Schultz\""}],"controls":[{"id":"BC043","from":1892,"to":1916,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S111","excerpt":"\"founded in 1892 by Wilhelm Schultz\""}],"company":"CO053","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC044","from":1916,"to":1940,"precision":"circa","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"End c.1940 unverified. 2026-10-15: S249 (community) gives 21 Dec 1940 as the day Harmony 'under Sears Roebuck' ceased operations; Wikipedia (citing Kohman, Vintage Guitar 2014) says Kraus left and bought enough stock to restart the company, so a sale back to executives is not confirmed","cites":[{"source":"S121","excerpt":"\"In 1916, Sears purchased the Harmony Guitars brand\""},{"source":"S166","excerpt":"Sears-Roebuck acquired the guitar maker ostensibly to take control of the ukulele market."},{"source":"S249","excerpt":"The Harmony Musical Instrument Company was purchased by Sears, Roebuck & Co in 1916"}],"company":"CO054","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC045","from":1940,"to":1975,"precision":"circa","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Ceased operations 1975; three-day auction","cites":[{"source":"S124","excerpt":"\"In 1975 the Harmony Guitar Co. in Chicago ceased operations and had a huge three-day auction.\""},{"source":"S166","excerpt":"Harmony was a major player until around 1940, when the company was sold back to Harmony executives."},{"source":"S249","excerpt":"until December 21st, 1940 when The Harmony Company, under Sears Roebuck, ceased operations"}],"company":"CO055","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC046","from":1975,"to":2017,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Holders unidentified for 1975 to c.2009; Westheimer Corp. reported as buyer of the name (MMR S164, C416; chasingguitars S167, C417 says 2009). End moved 2018 -> 2017 to meet the BandLab start (BC048). 2026-10-15: the USPTO owner order for reg. 0627412 on Justia (S174) lists The Harmony Company, Global Musical Instrument Co. (division of Foreign and Domestic Trade Consultants, Ltd.), Harmony Industries, Inc., Marigold Enterprises Ltd, then Westheimer; no dates or assignment parties shown (paraphrase only), so each holder's span is still unknown","cites":[{"source":"S123","excerpt":"\"ceased in 1975, and sold the Harmony name\""},{"source":"S167","excerpt":"The Harmony trademark and all intellectual property was acquired in 2009 by Westheimer corpoaration in Northbrook, IL."},{"source":"S174","excerpt":"GLOBAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENT CO., INC., A DIVISION OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC TRADE CONSULTANTS, LTD."}],"company":"CO056","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC047","from":2009,"to":2017,"precision":"month","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"Westheimer Corp. owned the Harmony assets and HARMONY registration from Feb 2009 (federal court record; USPTO via Justia; MMR). Previously recorded as a circa-2000 distributor; revised 2026-10-15. USPTO owner history lists Marigold Enterprises Ltd before Westheimer and BandLab Technologies after, with assignment updates recorded 2016-11-23 and 2017-01-11. 2026-10-15: valid_to moved 2018 -> 2017 so it meets BC048 (BandLab from late 2017 per Guitar World S165) and the two preferred owns rows no longer overlap in 2017; assignment date still unconfirmed. Justia's certificate note gives Westheimer Corporation, an Illinois corporation, at 3451 West Commercial Avenue, Northbrook, IL 60062 (S174, C535); Wikipedia's Lake Barrington is undated. Note BC046 (world, 1975-2017) still overlaps this row for 2009-2017; unresolved","cites":[{"source":"S111","excerpt":"\"briefly imported 'reissue' Harmony guitars\""},{"source":"S164","excerpt":"the Harmony name came up for sale and they bought it."},{"source":"S175","excerpt":"Then, in February 2009, Westheimer Corporation, the defendant in this action, purchased all of Harmony Industries’ assets"},{"source":"S174","excerpt":"Issue New Certificate to: WESTHEIMER CORPORATION, A (Illinois Corporation)"},{"source":"S174","excerpt":"WESTHEIMER CORPORATION, A (Illinois Corporation), 3451 West Commercial Avenue, Northbrook, Illinois 60062."}],"company":"CO057","kind":"owns","territory":"US"},{"id":"BC048","from":2017,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"Announced Dec 14, 2017; launched at NAMM Jan 2018; held through Caldecott/Vista. Start moved 2018 -> 2017: Guitar World (S165, C418) says BandLab acquired the rights and relaunched Harmony in late 2017. Legal closing date not found. Direct owner entity (BandLab vs Vista) unverified. 2026-10-15: Gearnews 31 Jan 2018 (S248, C515) confirms BandLab was behind the brand by NAMM 2018","cites":[{"source":"S121","excerpt":"\"in 2018… Harmony was reborn as part of the BandLab Technologies portfolio\""},{"source":"S165","excerpt":"the Singaporean conglomerate that acquired the rights to, and subsequently relaunched, Harmony in late 2017, along with Teisco."},{"source":"S137","excerpt":"Vista Musical Instruments, CMG's manufacturing and retail division, includes the instrument brands MONO"},{"source":"S248","excerpt":"However, we do know that BandLab Technologies, the same company that has relaunched Teisco, is behind the Harmony brand now."}],"company":"CO026","kind":"owns","territory":"world"}],"lines":[{"id":"L042","name":"Harmony Chicago","tier":"usa","from":1892,"to":1975,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR084","from":1892,"to":1975,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S123","excerpt":"\"Between 1945 and 1975, the Chicago firm mass-produced about ten million guitars… peaked in 1964-1965, selling 350,000\""}],"plant":"P060","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L043","name":"Harmony Westheimer reissues","tier":"import","from":2000,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR085","from":2000,"to":null,"precision":"circa","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Builder unverified","cites":[{"source":"S111","excerpt":"\"briefly imported 'reissue' Harmony guitars\""}],"plant":"P062","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L044","name":"Harmony USA (BandLab/Vista)","tier":"usa","from":2018,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR086","from":2018,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Start 2018 unverified; Heritage builds USA Harmony","cites":[{"source":"S111","excerpt":"\"USA made Harmony Guitars are built in Kalamazoo, Michigan by the Heritage Guitar Company\""}],"plant":"P025","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L045","name":"Harmony Standard Series (import)","tier":"import","from":2018,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR087","from":2018,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":"K023","note":"origin unverified; blog says China","cites":[{"source":"S122","excerpt":"\"The guitars are now made in China.\""}],"plant":"P063","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L046","name":"Harmony amps","tier":"usa","from":null,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR088","from":null,"to":null,"precision":"unknown","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S030","excerpt":"\"manufactured by 'Sound Projects Company' of Cicero\""}],"plant":"P061","role":"full_build"}]}],"eras":[{"line":"L042","from":1892,"to":1916,"owner":"CO053","parent":null,"plant":"P060","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S111","excerpt":"\"founded in 1892 by Wilhelm Schultz\""},{"source":"S123","excerpt":"\"Between 1945 and 1975, the Chicago firm mass-produced about ten million guitars… peaked in 1964-1965, selling 350,000\""}]},{"line":"L042","from":1916,"to":1940,"owner":"CO054","parent":null,"plant":"P060","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S121","excerpt":"\"In 1916, Sears purchased the Harmony Guitars brand\""},{"source":"S166","excerpt":"Sears-Roebuck acquired the guitar maker ostensibly to take control of the ukulele market."},{"source":"S249","excerpt":"The Harmony Musical Instrument Company was purchased by Sears, Roebuck & Co in 1916"},{"source":"S123","excerpt":"\"Between 1945 and 1975, the Chicago firm mass-produced about ten million guitars… peaked in 1964-1965, selling 350,000\""}]},{"line":"L042","from":1940,"to":1975,"owner":"CO055","parent":null,"plant":"P060","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S124","excerpt":"\"In 1975 the Harmony Guitar Co. in Chicago ceased operations and had a huge three-day auction.\""},{"source":"S166","excerpt":"Harmony was a major player until around 1940, when the company was sold back to Harmony executives."},{"source":"S249","excerpt":"until December 21st, 1940 when The Harmony Company, under Sears Roebuck, ceased operations"},{"source":"S123","excerpt":"\"Between 1945 and 1975, the Chicago firm mass-produced about ten million guitars… peaked in 1964-1965, selling 350,000\""}]},{"line":"L043","from":2000,"to":2017,"owner":"CO056","parent":null,"plant":"P062","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S123","excerpt":"\"ceased in 1975, and sold the Harmony name\""},{"source":"S167","excerpt":"The Harmony trademark and all intellectual property was acquired in 2009 by Westheimer corpoaration in Northbrook, IL."},{"source":"S174","excerpt":"GLOBAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENT CO., INC., A DIVISION OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC TRADE CONSULTANTS, LTD."},{"source":"S111","excerpt":"\"briefly imported 'reissue' Harmony guitars\""}]},{"line":"L043","from":2017,"to":2021,"owner":"CO026","parent":null,"plant":"P062","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S121","excerpt":"\"in 2018… Harmony was reborn as part of the BandLab Technologies portfolio\""},{"source":"S165","excerpt":"the Singaporean conglomerate that acquired the rights to, and subsequently relaunched, Harmony in late 2017, along with Teisco."},{"source":"S137","excerpt":"Vista Musical Instruments, CMG's manufacturing and retail division, includes the instrument brands MONO"},{"source":"S248","excerpt":"However, we do know that BandLab Technologies, the same company that has relaunched Teisco, is behind the Harmony brand now."},{"source":"S111","excerpt":"\"briefly imported 'reissue' Harmony guitars\""}]},{"line":"L044","from":2018,"to":2021,"owner":"CO026","parent":null,"plant":"P025","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S121","excerpt":"\"in 2018… Harmony was reborn as part of the BandLab Technologies portfolio\""},{"source":"S165","excerpt":"the Singaporean conglomerate that acquired the rights to, and subsequently relaunched, Harmony in late 2017, along with Teisco."},{"source":"S137","excerpt":"Vista Musical Instruments, CMG's manufacturing and retail division, includes the instrument brands MONO"},{"source":"S248","excerpt":"However, we do know that BandLab Technologies, the same company that has relaunched Teisco, is behind the Harmony brand now."},{"source":"S111","excerpt":"\"USA made Harmony Guitars are built in Kalamazoo, Michigan by the Heritage Guitar Company\""}]},{"line":"L045","from":2018,"to":2021,"owner":"CO026","parent":null,"plant":"P063","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S121","excerpt":"\"in 2018… Harmony was reborn as part of the BandLab Technologies portfolio\""},{"source":"S165","excerpt":"the Singaporean conglomerate that acquired the rights to, and subsequently relaunched, Harmony in late 2017, along with Teisco."},{"source":"S137","excerpt":"Vista Musical Instruments, CMG's manufacturing and retail division, includes the instrument brands MONO"},{"source":"S248","excerpt":"However, we do know that BandLab Technologies, the same company that has relaunched Teisco, is behind the Harmony brand now."},{"source":"S122","excerpt":"\"The guitars are now made in China.\""}]},{"line":"L044","from":2021,"to":null,"owner":"CO026","parent":"CO027","plant":"P025","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S121","excerpt":"\"in 2018… Harmony was reborn as part of the BandLab Technologies portfolio\""},{"source":"S165","excerpt":"the Singaporean conglomerate that acquired the rights to, and subsequently relaunched, Harmony in late 2017, along with Teisco."},{"source":"S137","excerpt":"Vista Musical Instruments, CMG's manufacturing and retail division, includes the instrument brands MONO"},{"source":"S248","excerpt":"However, we do know that BandLab Technologies, the same company that has relaunched Teisco, is behind the Harmony brand now."},{"source":"S137","excerpt":"CMG’s digital division, BandLab Technologies, will continue to design and develop tools and services for music creators."},{"source":"S138","excerpt":"Caldecott Music Group revealed as new umbrella of BandLab"},{"source":"S267","excerpt":"Caldecott Music Group was formed as a parent company in 2021 to house three divisions: BandLab, Vista Musical, and NME Networks."},{"source":"S111","excerpt":"\"USA made Harmony Guitars are built in Kalamazoo, Michigan by the Heritage Guitar Company\""}]},{"line":"L043","from":2021,"to":null,"owner":"CO026","parent":"CO027","plant":"P062","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S121","excerpt":"\"in 2018… Harmony was reborn as part of the BandLab Technologies portfolio\""},{"source":"S165","excerpt":"the Singaporean conglomerate that acquired the rights to, and subsequently relaunched, Harmony in late 2017, along with Teisco."},{"source":"S137","excerpt":"Vista Musical Instruments, CMG's manufacturing and retail division, includes the instrument brands MONO"},{"source":"S248","excerpt":"However, we do know that BandLab Technologies, the same company that has relaunched Teisco, is behind the Harmony brand now."},{"source":"S137","excerpt":"CMG’s digital division, BandLab Technologies, will continue to design and develop tools and services for music creators."},{"source":"S138","excerpt":"Caldecott Music Group revealed as new umbrella of BandLab"},{"source":"S267","excerpt":"Caldecott Music Group was formed as a parent company in 2021 to house three divisions: BandLab, Vista Musical, and NME Networks."},{"source":"S111","excerpt":"\"briefly imported 'reissue' Harmony guitars\""}]},{"line":"L045","from":2021,"to":null,"owner":"CO026","parent":"CO027","plant":"P063","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S121","excerpt":"\"in 2018… Harmony was reborn as part of the BandLab Technologies portfolio\""},{"source":"S165","excerpt":"the Singaporean conglomerate that acquired the rights to, and subsequently relaunched, Harmony in late 2017, along with Teisco."},{"source":"S137","excerpt":"Vista Musical Instruments, CMG's manufacturing and retail division, includes the instrument brands MONO"},{"source":"S248","excerpt":"However, we do know that BandLab Technologies, the same company that has relaunched Teisco, is behind the Harmony brand now."},{"source":"S137","excerpt":"CMG’s digital division, BandLab Technologies, will continue to design and develop tools and services for music creators."},{"source":"S138","excerpt":"Caldecott Music Group revealed as new umbrella of BandLab"},{"source":"S267","excerpt":"Caldecott Music Group was formed as a parent company in 2021 to house three divisions: BandLab, Vista Musical, and NME Networks."},{"source":"S122","excerpt":"\"The guitars are now made in China.\""}]}],"models":[{"id":"M061","slug":"harmony-roy-smeck-models","name":"Roy Smeck models","category":"acoustic","introduced":1928,"discontinued":null,"line":"L042","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S111","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M066","slug":"harmony-jupiter-reissue","name":"Jupiter reissue","category":"electric","introduced":2018,"discontinued":null,"line":"L044","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S111","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M067","slug":"harmony-rebel-reissue","name":"Rebel reissue","category":"electric","introduced":2018,"discontinued":null,"line":"L044","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S111","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M065","slug":"harmony-meteor","name":"Meteor","category":"electric","introduced":null,"discontinued":null,"line":"L042","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S111","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M062","slug":"harmony-sovereign","name":"Sovereign","category":"acoustic","introduced":null,"discontinued":null,"line":"L042","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S111","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M063","slug":"harmony-rocket","name":"Rocket","category":"electric","introduced":null,"discontinued":null,"line":"L042","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S111","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M064","slug":"harmony-stratotone","name":"Stratotone","category":"electric","introduced":null,"discontinued":null,"line":"L042","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S111","excerpt":null}]}],"materials":[]},{"code":"B003","slug":"heritage","name":"Heritage","founded":1985,"country":"USA","website":"https://heritageguitars.com/","cites":[{"source":"S054","excerpt":"\"was incorporated on April 1, 1985\""},{"source":"S133","excerpt":"Space was to be reserved for Heritage, which was formed in 1984 when Gibson abandoned the building and moved their operations to Nashville."},{"source":"S264","excerpt":"Heritage Guitar Inc. of 225 Parsons Street in Kalamazoo, Michigan was incorporated on April 1, 1985."},{"source":"S187","excerpt":"During the spring of 1985, several Kalamazoo guitar luthiers"},{"source":"S209","excerpt":"In the spring of 1985, Lamb, formerly the Gibson plant superintendent,"}],"controls":[{"id":"BC019","from":1985,"to":2016,"precision":"day","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Incorporated Apr 1, 1985 (Deurloo, Lamb, Moats, Paige; Korpak left 1985); sold Apr 2016. 2026-10-15: 1985 is supported by a forum post quoting an archived company page (S264, C531), the company About page (S187, C532) and Premier Guitar 2012 (S209, C533); the 1984 start in Bluegrass Today (S133) and one forum post has no document behind it. Michigan LARA record not found","cites":[{"source":"S054","excerpt":"\"was incorporated on April 1, 1985\""},{"source":"S133","excerpt":"Space was to be reserved for Heritage, which was formed in 1984 when Gibson abandoned the building and moved their operations to Nashville."},{"source":"S264","excerpt":"Heritage Guitar Inc. of 225 Parsons Street in Kalamazoo, Michigan was incorporated on April 1, 1985."},{"source":"S187","excerpt":"During the spring of 1985, several Kalamazoo guitar luthiers"},{"source":"S209","excerpt":"In the spring of 1985, Lamb, formerly the Gibson plant superintendent,"}],"company":"CO024","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC020","from":2016,"to":null,"precision":"month","reliability":"secondary","conflict":"K011","note":"Apr 2016; remaining stake unverified. BandLab/Vista entry date","cites":[{"source":"S017","excerpt":"\"a group of investors has bought Heritage guitars and the accompanying building\""},{"source":"S133","excerpt":"Heritage was purchased in 2016 by Archie Leach and Jeff Nicholson of PlazaCorp Realty Advisors Inc."},{"source":"S134","excerpt":"spearheaded by new owners Archie Leach and Jeff Nicholson, who bought Heritage Guitars in 2016."}],"company":"CO025","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC021","from":2016,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K011","note":"BandLab/Vista stake reported as part of the 2016 deal; extent unverified","cites":[],"company":"CO026","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC022","from":2017,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K011","note":"BandLab reported to have taken a majority stake in 2017. 2026-10-15: the only source for 'majority stake' is Gibson's litigation statement (S135, S228, one source; Guitar.com is BandLab-owned). The court opinion of 6 Jun 2022 (S265, C534, primary) calls BandLab 'a part owner' shared with Swee Lee, with no percentage. Upfront Guitars (S229, community) and The Retailer (S266) describe a sales and marketing arrangement. No filing found","cites":[{"source":"S020","excerpt":"\"BandLab took a majority stake in 2017\""},{"source":"S135","excerpt":"In 2017, BandLab acquired a majority stake in Heritage Guitars that created a partnership"},{"source":"S136","excerpt":"In 2017, BandLab acquired a majority stake in Heritage Guitars"},{"source":"S265","excerpt":"a sister company to Heritage as they share a part owner, BandLab Technologies."}],"company":"CO026","kind":"owns","territory":"world"}],"lines":[{"id":"L014","name":"Heritage USA","tier":"usa","from":1985,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR030","from":1985,"to":null,"precision":"month","reliability":"primary","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S018","excerpt":"\"During the spring of 1985, they purchased space at the iconic factory along with its original guitar-making equipment.\""}],"plant":"P025","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L015","name":"Heritage Ascent","tier":"import","from":2024,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR031","from":2024,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Builder and country unverified","cites":[{"source":"S055","excerpt":"\"In 2024, Heritage launched a new budget line known as the Ascent Collection.\""}],"plant":"P026","role":"full_build"}]}],"eras":[{"line":"L014","from":1985,"to":2016,"owner":"CO024","parent":null,"plant":"P025","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S054","excerpt":"\"was incorporated on April 1, 1985\""},{"source":"S133","excerpt":"Space was to be reserved for Heritage, which was formed in 1984 when Gibson abandoned the building and moved their operations to Nashville."},{"source":"S264","excerpt":"Heritage Guitar Inc. of 225 Parsons Street in Kalamazoo, Michigan was incorporated on April 1, 1985."},{"source":"S187","excerpt":"During the spring of 1985, several Kalamazoo guitar luthiers"},{"source":"S209","excerpt":"In the spring of 1985, Lamb, formerly the Gibson plant superintendent,"},{"source":"S018","excerpt":"\"During the spring of 1985, they purchased space at the iconic factory along with its original guitar-making equipment.\""}]},{"line":"L014","from":2016,"to":null,"owner":"CO025","parent":null,"plant":"P025","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S017","excerpt":"\"a group of investors has bought Heritage guitars and the accompanying building\""},{"source":"S133","excerpt":"Heritage was purchased in 2016 by Archie Leach and Jeff Nicholson of PlazaCorp Realty Advisors Inc."},{"source":"S134","excerpt":"spearheaded by new owners Archie Leach and Jeff Nicholson, who bought Heritage Guitars in 2016."},{"source":"S018","excerpt":"\"During the spring of 1985, they purchased space at the iconic factory along with its original guitar-making equipment.\""}]},{"line":"L015","from":2024,"to":null,"owner":"CO025","parent":null,"plant":"P026","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S017","excerpt":"\"a group of investors has bought Heritage guitars and the accompanying building\""},{"source":"S133","excerpt":"Heritage was purchased in 2016 by Archie Leach and Jeff Nicholson of PlazaCorp Realty Advisors Inc."},{"source":"S134","excerpt":"spearheaded by new owners Archie Leach and Jeff Nicholson, who bought Heritage Guitars in 2016."},{"source":"S055","excerpt":"\"In 2024, Heritage launched a new budget line known as the Ascent Collection.\""}]}],"models":[{"id":"M016","slug":"heritage-h-140","name":"H-140","category":"electric","introduced":1985,"discontinued":null,"line":"L014","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S018","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M115","slug":"heritage-golden-eagle","name":"Golden Eagle","category":"archtop","introduced":1985,"discontinued":null,"line":"L014","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S394","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M114","slug":"heritage-eagle","name":"Eagle","category":"archtop","introduced":1986,"discontinued":2007,"line":"L014","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S394","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M112","slug":"heritage-h-535","name":"H-535","category":"archtop","introduced":1987,"discontinued":2007,"line":"L014","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S394","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M113","slug":"heritage-h-575","name":"H-575","category":"archtop","introduced":1987,"discontinued":null,"line":"L014","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S394","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M117","slug":"heritage-super-eagle","name":"Super Eagle","category":"archtop","introduced":1988,"discontinued":null,"line":"L014","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S395","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M116","slug":"heritage-h-357","name":"H-357","category":"electric","introduced":1989,"discontinued":1996,"line":"L014","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S395","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M118","slug":"heritage-roy-clark-model","name":"Roy Clark Model","category":"archtop","introduced":1992,"discontinued":null,"line":"L014","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S395","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M018","slug":"heritage-alex-skolnick-h-150","name":"Alex Skolnick H-150","category":"electric","introduced":null,"discontinued":null,"line":"L014","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S055","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M017","slug":"heritage-h-150","name":"H-150","category":"electric","introduced":null,"discontinued":null,"line":"L014","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S020","excerpt":null}]}],"materials":[]},{"code":"B007","slug":"ibanez","name":"Ibanez","founded":1935,"country":"Japan","website":"https://www.ibanez.com/","cites":[],"controls":[{"id":"BC029","from":1908,"to":1929,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Bookstore firm (Hoshino Shoten) that preceded the instrument business. The Ibanez name dates to 1929, so brand control from 1908 predates the brand; marked not preferred so no Ibanez era is built before 1929 (2026-10-15 review)","cites":[{"source":"S088","excerpt":"\"1908: The Hoshino Shoten bookstore company is founded\""},{"source":"S151","excerpt":"星野楽器のスタートは明治41年（1908年）。"},{"source":"S152","excerpt":"The Hoshino Gakki company began in 1908 as the musical instrument sales division of the Hoshino Shoten, a bookstore company."},{"source":"S240","excerpt":"Hoshino Gakki was founded in 1908 by Matsujiro Hoshino in the city of Nagoya, Japan."}],"company":"CO041","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC030","from":1929,"to":1981,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S088","excerpt":"\"1929: The Hoshino company starts Hoshino Gakki Ten Inc.\""},{"source":"S151","excerpt":"昭和4年（1929年）には別会社として星野書店から独立したのですが"},{"source":"S152","excerpt":"The Ibanez brand name dates back to 1929 when Hoshino Gakki began importing Salvador Ibáñez é Hijos guitars from Spain."},{"source":"S240","excerpt":"By 1929, Hoshino established its own musical instruments company, Hoshino Gakki Ten,"}],"company":"CO042","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC033","from":1964,"to":1987,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S091","excerpt":"\"imported Ibanez… into the UK… from 1964-1987\""}],"company":"CO045","kind":"distributes","territory":"UK"},{"id":"BC032","from":1971,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"2026-10-15: the US importer was Elger (subsidiary 1971 per S240, C511; partnership 1972 per S242, C512) until renamed Hoshino USA in 1980 (S240). The Elger entity has no company row yet; start year 1971 vs 1972 unresolved","cites":[{"source":"S088","excerpt":"\"1971: Hoshino Gakki Ten starts a U.S. [operation]\""},{"source":"S240","excerpt":"Hoshino establishes a U.S. distribution subsidiary, Elger Inc., near Philadelphia."},{"source":"S242","excerpt":"officially formed a partnership with America's Elger company"}],"company":"CO044","kind":"distributes","territory":"USA"},{"id":"BC031","from":1981,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Kanda Shokai/Greco held Japan rights to the Iceman design. 2026-10-15: TSR (S241, C510) shows the present entity established Nov 1981 (founding 1908), so BC030 to BC031 may be a new legal entity rather than a rename (S240, S244 say rename); a registry extract is needed","cites":[{"source":"S088","excerpt":"\"1981: Hoshino changes company name… to Hoshino Gakki\""},{"source":"S090","excerpt":null},{"source":"S240","excerpt":"The following year, the company changed its own name to Hoshino Gakki Co."},{"source":"S244","excerpt":"Hoshino changes company name from Hoshino Gakki Ten to Hoshino Gakki"},{"source":"S241","excerpt":"設立 1981年11月"}],"company":"CO043","kind":"owns","territory":"world"}],"lines":[{"id":"L029","name":"Ibanez Japan early (Tama, Teisco)","tier":"domestic","from":1935,"to":1970,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR060","from":1935,"to":1966,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Salvador (1935), 1957 models","cites":[{"source":"S092","excerpt":"\"After the Tama factory stopped manufacturing guitars in 1966\""}],"plant":"P046","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR061","from":1966,"to":1970,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Late-1960s electrics","cites":[{"source":"S092","excerpt":"\"After the Teisco String Instrument factory closed in 1970\""}],"plant":"P047","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L030","name":"Ibanez Japan (FujiGen: J Custom, Prestige)","tier":"domestic","from":1969,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR062","from":1969,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":"K019","note":"start 1969 (Hoshino Gakki article). Most Ibanez to the late 1980s; J Custom and Prestige today","cites":[{"source":"S088","excerpt":"\"1969: Hoshino Gakki Ten starts to use the FujiGen… factory\""}],"plant":"P018","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR063","from":1970,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K019","note":"alternative start 1970","cites":[{"source":"S064","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P018","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR064","from":null,"to":null,"precision":"unknown","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"High-end; dates unverified","cites":[{"source":"S094","excerpt":"\"[FujiGen] or [Sugi Guitars]\""}],"plant":"P048","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L031","name":"Ibanez Korea","tier":"import","from":1985,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR065","from":1985,"to":null,"precision":"circa","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Mid/late 1980s start; end unverified","cites":[{"source":"S092","excerpt":"\"also been made in other Asian countries such as Korea, China, and Indonesia\""}],"plant":"P049","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L032","name":"Ibanez Indonesia Standard","tier":"import","from":1990,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR066","from":null,"to":null,"precision":"unknown","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Start of Ibanez production at Cort Indonesia unverified","cites":[{"source":"S052","excerpt":"\"PT Cort manufactures for Ibanez, Fender/Squier\""}],"plant":"P024","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L033","name":"Ibanez Premium (Indonesia)","tier":"import","from":2010,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR067","from":2010,"to":null,"precision":"circa","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"c.2010s; also RGB basses (2020)","cites":[{"source":"S094","excerpt":"\"Mid-tier guitars produced in a special facility set up in Indonesia.\""}],"plant":"P050","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L034","name":"Ibanez GIO","tier":"import","from":1997,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR068","from":1997,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"GIO made in China or Indonesia","cites":[{"source":"S095","excerpt":"\"produced in either China or Indonesia\""}],"plant":"P051","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L035","name":"Ibanez LA Custom Shop","tier":"custom_shop","from":null,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR069","from":null,"to":null,"precision":"unknown","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S092","excerpt":"\"a Los Angeles-based custom shop\""}],"plant":"P052","role":"full_build"}]}],"eras":[{"line":"L029","from":1935,"to":1966,"owner":"CO042","parent":null,"plant":"P046","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S088","excerpt":"\"1929: The Hoshino company starts Hoshino Gakki Ten Inc.\""},{"source":"S151","excerpt":"昭和4年（1929年）には別会社として星野書店から独立したのですが"},{"source":"S152","excerpt":"The Ibanez brand name dates back to 1929 when Hoshino Gakki began importing Salvador Ibáñez é Hijos guitars from Spain."},{"source":"S240","excerpt":"By 1929, Hoshino established its own musical instruments company, Hoshino Gakki Ten,"},{"source":"S092","excerpt":"\"After the Tama factory stopped manufacturing guitars in 1966\""}]},{"line":"L029","from":1966,"to":1970,"owner":"CO042","parent":null,"plant":"P047","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S088","excerpt":"\"1929: The Hoshino company starts Hoshino Gakki Ten Inc.\""},{"source":"S151","excerpt":"昭和4年（1929年）には別会社として星野書店から独立したのですが"},{"source":"S152","excerpt":"The Ibanez brand name dates back to 1929 when Hoshino Gakki began importing Salvador Ibáñez é Hijos guitars from Spain."},{"source":"S240","excerpt":"By 1929, Hoshino established its own musical instruments company, Hoshino Gakki Ten,"},{"source":"S092","excerpt":"\"After the Teisco String Instrument factory closed in 1970\""}]},{"line":"L030","from":1969,"to":1981,"owner":"CO042","parent":null,"plant":"P018","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S088","excerpt":"\"1929: The Hoshino company starts Hoshino Gakki Ten Inc.\""},{"source":"S151","excerpt":"昭和4年（1929年）には別会社として星野書店から独立したのですが"},{"source":"S152","excerpt":"The Ibanez brand name dates back to 1929 when Hoshino Gakki began importing Salvador Ibáñez é Hijos guitars from Spain."},{"source":"S240","excerpt":"By 1929, Hoshino established its own musical instruments company, Hoshino Gakki Ten,"},{"source":"S088","excerpt":"\"1969: Hoshino Gakki Ten starts to use the FujiGen… factory\""}]},{"line":"L030","from":1981,"to":null,"owner":"CO043","parent":null,"plant":"P018","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S088","excerpt":"\"1981: Hoshino changes company name… to Hoshino Gakki\""},{"source":"S090","excerpt":null},{"source":"S240","excerpt":"The following year, the company changed its own name to Hoshino Gakki Co."},{"source":"S244","excerpt":"Hoshino changes company name from Hoshino Gakki Ten to Hoshino Gakki"},{"source":"S241","excerpt":"設立 1981年11月"},{"source":"S088","excerpt":"\"1969: Hoshino Gakki Ten starts to use the FujiGen… factory\""}]},{"line":"L031","from":1985,"to":null,"owner":"CO043","parent":null,"plant":"P049","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S088","excerpt":"\"1981: Hoshino changes company name… to Hoshino Gakki\""},{"source":"S090","excerpt":null},{"source":"S240","excerpt":"The following year, the company changed its own name to Hoshino Gakki Co."},{"source":"S244","excerpt":"Hoshino changes company name from Hoshino Gakki Ten to Hoshino Gakki"},{"source":"S241","excerpt":"設立 1981年11月"},{"source":"S092","excerpt":"\"also been made in other Asian countries such as Korea, China, and Indonesia\""}]},{"line":"L032","from":1990,"to":null,"owner":"CO043","parent":null,"plant":null,"reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S088","excerpt":"\"1981: Hoshino changes company name… to Hoshino Gakki\""},{"source":"S090","excerpt":null},{"source":"S240","excerpt":"The following year, the company changed its own name to Hoshino Gakki Co."},{"source":"S244","excerpt":"Hoshino changes company name from Hoshino Gakki Ten to Hoshino Gakki"},{"source":"S241","excerpt":"設立 1981年11月"}]},{"line":"L034","from":1997,"to":null,"owner":"CO043","parent":null,"plant":"P051","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S088","excerpt":"\"1981: Hoshino changes company name… to Hoshino Gakki\""},{"source":"S090","excerpt":null},{"source":"S240","excerpt":"The following year, the company changed its own name to Hoshino Gakki Co."},{"source":"S244","excerpt":"Hoshino changes company name from Hoshino Gakki Ten to Hoshino Gakki"},{"source":"S241","excerpt":"設立 1981年11月"},{"source":"S095","excerpt":"\"produced in either China or Indonesia\""}]},{"line":"L033","from":2010,"to":null,"owner":"CO043","parent":null,"plant":"P050","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S088","excerpt":"\"1981: Hoshino changes company name… to Hoshino Gakki\""},{"source":"S090","excerpt":null},{"source":"S240","excerpt":"The following year, the company changed its own name to Hoshino Gakki Co."},{"source":"S244","excerpt":"Hoshino changes company name from Hoshino Gakki Ten to Hoshino Gakki"},{"source":"S241","excerpt":"設立 1981年11月"},{"source":"S094","excerpt":"\"Mid-tier guitars produced in a special facility set up in Indonesia.\""}]}],"models":[{"id":"M039","slug":"ibanez-salvador","name":"Salvador","category":"acoustic","introduced":1935,"discontinued":null,"line":"L029","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S092","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M040","slug":"ibanez-artist-2663-iceman","name":"Artist 2663 / Iceman","category":"electric","introduced":1975,"discontinued":null,"line":"L030","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S090","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M041","slug":"ibanez-jem","name":"JEM","category":"electric","introduced":1987,"discontinued":null,"line":"L030","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S094","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M042","slug":"ibanez-rg","name":"RG","category":"electric","introduced":1987,"discontinued":null,"line":"L030","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S094","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M043","slug":"ibanez-rg2228-eight-string","name":"RG2228 eight-string","category":"electric","introduced":2007,"discontinued":null,"line":"L030","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S092","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M044","slug":"ibanez-first-nine-string-models","name":"First nine-string models","category":"electric","introduced":2014,"discontinued":null,"line":"L030","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S092","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M045","slug":"ibanez-rgb-bass","name":"RGB bass","category":"bass","introduced":2020,"discontinued":null,"line":"L033","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S094","excerpt":null}]}],"materials":[]},{"code":"B005","slug":"martin","name":"Martin","founded":1833,"country":"USA","website":"https://www.martinguitar.com/","cites":[{"source":"S068","excerpt":"\"run by the same family for six generations\""},{"source":"S143","excerpt":"Since 1833, C. F. Martin & Co.® has remained family owned and operated—six generations"},{"source":"S144","excerpt":"Owner and Chairman of the Board of the 192-year-old company"},{"source":"S145","excerpt":"Located in Nazareth, Pennsylvania, since 1839, the company has been run by the same family for six generations."},{"source":"S146","excerpt":"Family ownership of the Nazareth, Pennsylvania-based company... will continue."}],"controls":[{"id":"BC027","from":1833,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Six generations; no sale, licence or bankruptcy found. Succession dates after 1948 unverified. 2026-10-15: legal entity is C. F. Martin & Co., Inc., Pennsylvania registry ID 220860, entity created 1921-01-18 (S256, mirror), which is not the 1833 founding; Thomas Ripsam CEO from June 14, 2021 (S255)","cites":[{"source":"S068","excerpt":"\"run by the same family for six generations\""},{"source":"S143","excerpt":"Since 1833, C. F. Martin & Co.® has remained family owned and operated—six generations"},{"source":"S144","excerpt":"Owner and Chairman of the Board of the 192-year-old company"},{"source":"S145","excerpt":"Located in Nazareth, Pennsylvania, since 1839, the company has been run by the same family for six generations."},{"source":"S146","excerpt":"Family ownership of the Nazareth, Pennsylvania-based company... will continue."}],"company":"CO036","kind":"owns","territory":"world"}],"lines":[{"id":"L024","name":"Martin USA (Nazareth)","tier":"usa","from":1833,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR045","from":1833,"to":1839,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S068","excerpt":"\"relocated to Nazareth… in 1839\""}],"plant":"P036","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR047","from":1838,"to":1859,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K014","note":"alternative start 1838","cites":[{"source":"S069","excerpt":"\"In 1838… purchased an eight-acre tract\""}],"plant":"P037","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR046","from":1839,"to":1859,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":"K014","note":"start 1839 (Wikipedia)","cites":[{"source":"S068","excerpt":"\"relocated to Nazareth… in 1839\""}],"plant":"P037","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR049","from":1850,"to":1964,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K015","note":"alternative start 1850","cites":[{"source":"S071","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P038","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR048","from":1859,"to":1964,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":"K015","note":"start 1859 (Bluegrass Today)","cites":[{"source":"S070","excerpt":"\"primary site… until 1964 when a new plant was opened… on Sycamore Street\""}],"plant":"P038","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR051","from":1955,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K016","note":"outlier claim 1955","cites":[{"source":"S072","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P039","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR050","from":1964,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":"K016","note":"opened 1964","cites":[{"source":"S071","excerpt":"\"62,000-square-foot Sycamore Street facility… That was in 1964.\""},{"source":"S072","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P039","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L025","name":"Martin Backpacker (Mexico)","tier":"import","from":1990,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR052","from":1990,"to":null,"precision":"circa","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"Strings, ukuleles, Backpacker","cites":[{"source":"S071","excerpt":"\"since the early 1990s, Martin's Navajoa factory has turned out strings, ukuleles and Backpackers… DXM series to Navojoa, in 2004\""}],"plant":"P040","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L026","name":"Martin DXM (Mexico)","tier":"import","from":2004,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR053","from":2004,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"Later series unverified","cites":[{"source":"S071","excerpt":"\"DXM series to Navojoa, in 2004\""}],"plant":"P040","role":"full_build"}]}],"eras":[{"line":"L024","from":1833,"to":1839,"owner":"CO036","parent":null,"plant":"P036","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S068","excerpt":"\"run by the same family for six generations\""},{"source":"S143","excerpt":"Since 1833, C. F. Martin & Co.® has remained family owned and operated—six generations"},{"source":"S144","excerpt":"Owner and Chairman of the Board of the 192-year-old company"},{"source":"S145","excerpt":"Located in Nazareth, Pennsylvania, since 1839, the company has been run by the same family for six generations."},{"source":"S146","excerpt":"Family ownership of the Nazareth, Pennsylvania-based company... will continue."},{"source":"S068","excerpt":"\"relocated to Nazareth… in 1839\""}]},{"line":"L024","from":1839,"to":1859,"owner":"CO036","parent":null,"plant":"P037","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S068","excerpt":"\"run by the same family for six generations\""},{"source":"S143","excerpt":"Since 1833, C. F. Martin & Co.® has remained family owned and operated—six generations"},{"source":"S144","excerpt":"Owner and Chairman of the Board of the 192-year-old company"},{"source":"S145","excerpt":"Located in Nazareth, Pennsylvania, since 1839, the company has been run by the same family for six generations."},{"source":"S146","excerpt":"Family ownership of the Nazareth, Pennsylvania-based company... will continue."},{"source":"S068","excerpt":"\"relocated to Nazareth… in 1839\""}]},{"line":"L024","from":1859,"to":1964,"owner":"CO036","parent":null,"plant":"P038","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S068","excerpt":"\"run by the same family for six generations\""},{"source":"S143","excerpt":"Since 1833, C. F. Martin & Co.® has remained family owned and operated—six generations"},{"source":"S144","excerpt":"Owner and Chairman of the Board of the 192-year-old company"},{"source":"S145","excerpt":"Located in Nazareth, Pennsylvania, since 1839, the company has been run by the same family for six generations."},{"source":"S146","excerpt":"Family ownership of the Nazareth, Pennsylvania-based company... will continue."},{"source":"S070","excerpt":"\"primary site… until 1964 when a new plant was opened… on Sycamore Street\""}]},{"line":"L024","from":1964,"to":null,"owner":"CO036","parent":null,"plant":"P039","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S068","excerpt":"\"run by the same family for six generations\""},{"source":"S143","excerpt":"Since 1833, C. F. Martin & Co.® has remained family owned and operated—six generations"},{"source":"S144","excerpt":"Owner and Chairman of the Board of the 192-year-old company"},{"source":"S145","excerpt":"Located in Nazareth, Pennsylvania, since 1839, the company has been run by the same family for six generations."},{"source":"S146","excerpt":"Family ownership of the Nazareth, Pennsylvania-based company... will continue."},{"source":"S071","excerpt":"\"62,000-square-foot Sycamore Street facility… That was in 1964.\""},{"source":"S072","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L025","from":1990,"to":null,"owner":"CO036","parent":null,"plant":"P040","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S068","excerpt":"\"run by the same family for six generations\""},{"source":"S143","excerpt":"Since 1833, C. F. Martin & Co.® has remained family owned and operated—six generations"},{"source":"S144","excerpt":"Owner and Chairman of the Board of the 192-year-old company"},{"source":"S145","excerpt":"Located in Nazareth, Pennsylvania, since 1839, the company has been run by the same family for six generations."},{"source":"S146","excerpt":"Family ownership of the Nazareth, Pennsylvania-based company... will continue."},{"source":"S071","excerpt":"\"since the early 1990s, Martin's Navajoa factory has turned out strings, ukuleles and Backpackers… DXM series to Navojoa, in 2004\""}]},{"line":"L026","from":2004,"to":null,"owner":"CO036","parent":null,"plant":"P040","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S068","excerpt":"\"run by the same family for six generations\""},{"source":"S143","excerpt":"Since 1833, C. F. Martin & Co.® has remained family owned and operated—six generations"},{"source":"S144","excerpt":"Owner and Chairman of the Board of the 192-year-old company"},{"source":"S145","excerpt":"Located in Nazareth, Pennsylvania, since 1839, the company has been run by the same family for six generations."},{"source":"S146","excerpt":"Family ownership of the Nazareth, Pennsylvania-based company... will continue."},{"source":"S071","excerpt":"\"DXM series to Navojoa, in 2004\""}]}],"models":[{"id":"M031","slug":"martin-om","name":"OM","category":"acoustic","introduced":1929,"discontinued":null,"line":"L024","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S068","excerpt":null},{"source":"S397","excerpt":null},{"source":"S398","excerpt":null},{"source":"S399","excerpt":null},{"source":"S400","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M028","slug":"martin-d-28","name":"D-28","category":"acoustic","introduced":1931,"discontinued":null,"line":"L024","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S073","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M027","slug":"martin-dreadnought-martin-name","name":"Dreadnought (Martin name)","category":"acoustic","introduced":1931,"discontinued":null,"line":"L024","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S073","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M029","slug":"martin-d-45","name":"D-45","category":"acoustic","introduced":1933,"discontinued":null,"line":"L024","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S074","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M119","slug":"martin-d-35","name":"D-35","category":"acoustic","introduced":1965,"discontinued":null,"line":"L024","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S403","excerpt":null},{"source":"S404","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M120","slug":"martin-d-41","name":"D-41","category":"acoustic","introduced":1969,"discontinued":null,"line":"L024","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S404","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M032","slug":"martin-hd-28","name":"HD-28","category":"acoustic","introduced":1976,"discontinued":null,"line":"L024","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S068","excerpt":null},{"source":"S402","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M030","slug":"martin-backpacker","name":"Backpacker","category":"acoustic","introduced":1992,"discontinued":null,"line":"L025","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S071","excerpt":null},{"source":"S409","excerpt":null},{"source":"S410","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M121","slug":"martin-d-15","name":"D-15","category":"acoustic","introduced":2003,"discontinued":null,"line":"L024","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S406","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M123","slug":"martin-little-martin-lxm","name":"Little Martin (LXM)","category":"acoustic","introduced":2003,"discontinued":2019,"line":null,"reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S411","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M124","slug":"martin-00-15m","name":"00-15M","category":"acoustic","introduced":2009,"discontinued":null,"line":"L024","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S412","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M122","slug":"martin-dreadnought-junior","name":"Dreadnought Junior","category":"acoustic","introduced":2015,"discontinued":null,"line":"L024","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S407","excerpt":null},{"source":"S408","excerpt":null}]}],"materials":[{"id":"MU003","line":"L024","part":"back_sides","species":"East Indian rosewood","botanical":"Dalbergia latifolia","note":"Style 28 and up. conflict:K017 start 1969 vs 1970; forum reports put the first East Indian rosewood D-28s at serials 243644-47","from":1969,"to":null,"reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S075","excerpt":null},{"source":"S076","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"MU004","line":"L024","part":null,"species":"Sipo (utile)","botanical":"Entandrophragma utile","note":"Used on budget lines; date and lines unverified","from":null,"to":null,"reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S077","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"MU002","line":"L024","part":"back_sides","species":"Brazilian rosewood","botanical":"Dalbergia nigra","note":"conflict:K017 alternative end 1970","from":null,"to":1970,"reliability":"disputed","cites":[{"source":"S076","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"MU001","line":"L024","part":"back_sides","species":"Brazilian rosewood","botanical":"Dalbergia nigra","note":"Style 28 and up. conflict:K017 end 1969 (Folkway) vs 1970","from":null,"to":1969,"reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S075","excerpt":"\"Martin discontinued the use of Brazilian Rosewood… on style 28 guitars in 1969.\""}]}]},{"code":"B009","slug":"ovation","name":"Ovation","founded":1965,"country":"USA","website":"https://www.ovationguitars.com/","cites":[{"source":"S163","excerpt":"formed a new company called Ovation Instruments, Inc. to market the guitar."}],"controls":[{"id":"BC036","from":1965,"to":2008,"precision":"day","reliability":"community","conflict":"K022","note":"closing Dec 31, 2007 (preferred). valid_to=2008 because intervals are half-open in years and the sale completed at end of Dec 31, 2007, so 2007 is still Kaman. Kaman FY2007 10-K (S157, C404 proposed) states completion Dec 31, 2007; Hamer Wikipedia (accepted C237) agrees. Reliability community until C404 is accepted","cites":[{"source":"S110","excerpt":"\"acquired by… Fender… on December 31, 2007\""},{"source":"S157","excerpt":"On December 31, 2007, we completed the previously announced sale"},{"source":"S158","excerpt":"On December 31, 2007, we completed the sale of all of the capital stock of our wholly owned subsidiary"},{"source":"S170","excerpt":"on December 31, 2007, the company completed its previously announced sale"}],"company":"CO002","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC035","from":1965,"to":2008,"precision":"month","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K022","note":"alternative end Jan 2008 (KMCMusicorp Wikipedia, claim rejected). Contradicted by Kaman FY2007 10-K (completed Dec 31, 2007). Marked disputed as the losing version; $117 million sale to FMIC","cites":[{"source":"S008","excerpt":"\"In 1965 he founded Ovation Instruments\""},{"source":"S108","excerpt":"\"agreement to sell… Kaman Music Corporation… for approximately $117 million\""}],"company":"CO002","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC038","from":2007,"to":2014,"precision":"day","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K021","note":"alternative end Dec 2014 (Reverb) = DW acquisition date","cites":[{"source":"S009","excerpt":null}],"company":"CO001","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC037","from":2007,"to":2015,"precision":"day","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Via Kaman Music Corp. End = DW announcement Jan 6, 2015. Fender sold the rest of KMC to JAM Industries Feb 2015","cites":[{"source":"S107","excerpt":"\"closing is set to happen by January 1, 2008\""},{"source":"S104","excerpt":"\"Yesterday, FMIC announced that KMC Music… has sold the Ovation guitar brand to Drum Workshop, Inc.\""},{"source":"S105","excerpt":"\"FMIC announced that KMC Music… has sold the Ovation guitar brand to Drum Workshop, Inc.\""},{"source":"S157","excerpt":"We sold our Music segment on December 31, 2007 for $119.5 million to Fender and recorded a pre-tax gain of $18.1 million."},{"source":"S159","excerpt":"as well as the Ovation® guitar brand."},{"source":"S169","excerpt":"In December 2007 we acquired KMC, which was our largest acquisition to date."},{"source":"S272","excerpt":"since the acquisition of Kaman Music Corporation (now known as KMC Musicorp), or KMC, in 2007"}],"company":"CO001","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC040","from":2014,"to":2020,"precision":"month","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K021","note":"alternative start Dec 2014","cites":[{"source":"S009","excerpt":null}],"company":"CO051","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC039","from":2015,"to":2020,"precision":"day","reliability":"secondary","conflict":"K021","note":"Announced Jan 6, 2015; Modern Drummer (Jan 7) reports a finalized asset sale agreement. Reverb gives December 2014. 2026-10-15: Music Inc (S247, C514) says DW purchased the brand 'earlier this year' (2015), supporting 2015 over Dec 2014; deciding source is Fender's own release dated Jan 6, 2015 (S159). Closing date still not found","cites":[{"source":"S104","excerpt":"\"Yesterday, FMIC announced that KMC Music… has sold the Ovation guitar brand to Drum Workshop, Inc.\""},{"source":"S106","excerpt":"\"have finalized an asset sale agreement\""},{"source":"S159","excerpt":"as well as the Ovation® guitar brand."},{"source":"S160","excerpt":"announced today that its subsidiary KMC Music, Inc. has sold its Ovation"},{"source":"S161","excerpt":"In 2015 DW became owner of the legendary guitar maker as part of a multi-brand acquisition from Fender/KMC."},{"source":"S162","excerpt":"DW also bought the Ovation guitar brand from Fender in that deal."},{"source":"S247","excerpt":"Drum Workshop purchased the brand earlier this year from Fender Musical Instruments Corp."},{"source":"S275","excerpt":"Ovation Guitars and exclusive U.S. distribution rights for Sabian Cymbals are also included in the transaction."}],"company":"CO051","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC041","from":2015,"to":2020,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"Exclusive Ovation distribution rights throughout Europe","cites":[{"source":"S116","excerpt":"\"Since 2015, Gewa had exclusive Ovation distribution rights throughout Europe\""}],"company":"CO052","kind":"distributes","territory":"Europe"},{"id":"BC042","from":2020,"to":null,"precision":"month","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"Deal inked Sept 2020; GEWA Music USA took over US distribution Feb 1, 2021. Includes Adamas and Applause","cites":[{"source":"S117","excerpt":"\"deal that was inked in September\""},{"source":"S117","excerpt":"\"February 1, 2021… GEWA Music USA taking over Ovation distribution\""},{"source":"S161","excerpt":"GEWA music has recently announced the acquisition of the Ovation guitar brand from longtime partner, Drum Workshop, Inc."},{"source":"S173","excerpt":"Adamas and Applause – two brands associated with Ovation – are also part of the deal, which was finalized in September 2020."},{"source":"S245","excerpt":"The Adamas and Applause guitar brands are also included in the purchase."},{"source":"S273","excerpt":"has acquired the Ovation brand from Drum Workshop, Inc."},{"source":"S274","excerpt":"Associated brands Adamas and Applause are reportedly part of the deal, which was inked in September 2020."}],"company":"CO052","kind":"owns","territory":"world"}],"lines":[{"id":"L040","name":"Ovation USA (New Hartford)","tier":"usa","from":1966,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR081","from":1966,"to":2014,"precision":"month","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"Kaman 1966/67-2007; FMIC 2008-Jun 2014. Closed by Fender mid-2014","cites":[{"source":"S113","excerpt":"\"built Ovation… for the last 47 years\""},{"source":"S114","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P006","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR082","from":2015,"to":null,"precision":"month","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Reopened Oct 2015 under DW (50th Anniversary Custom Elite); GEWA from 2021; custom shop focused on Adamas. Repair crew only 2014-15","cites":[{"source":"S009","excerpt":"\"the factory will resume production in October, 2015\""},{"source":"S116","excerpt":"\"Custom Shop will focus on… Adamas models\""}],"plant":"P006","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L041","name":"Ovation imports (Celebrity, Applause, Elite import)","tier":"import","from":2014,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR083","from":2014,"to":null,"precision":"month","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"All standard models from June 2014; earlier imports (Celebrity, Applause) existed, dates unverified","cites":[{"source":"S114","excerpt":"\"Fender will now make Ovation guitars in China, South Korea and Indonesia\""},{"source":"S005","excerpt":"\"outsourcing others to a Chinese factory\""}],"plant":"P059","role":"full_build"}]}],"eras":[{"line":"L040","from":1966,"to":2008,"owner":"CO002","parent":null,"plant":"P006","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S110","excerpt":"\"acquired by… Fender… on December 31, 2007\""},{"source":"S157","excerpt":"On December 31, 2007, we completed the previously announced sale"},{"source":"S158","excerpt":"On December 31, 2007, we completed the sale of all of the capital stock of our wholly owned subsidiary"},{"source":"S170","excerpt":"on December 31, 2007, the company completed its previously announced sale"},{"source":"S113","excerpt":"\"built Ovation… for the last 47 years\""},{"source":"S114","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L040","from":2008,"to":2014,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":"P006","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S107","excerpt":"\"closing is set to happen by January 1, 2008\""},{"source":"S104","excerpt":"\"Yesterday, FMIC announced that KMC Music… has sold the Ovation guitar brand to Drum Workshop, Inc.\""},{"source":"S105","excerpt":"\"FMIC announced that KMC Music… has sold the Ovation guitar brand to Drum Workshop, Inc.\""},{"source":"S157","excerpt":"We sold our Music segment on December 31, 2007 for $119.5 million to Fender and recorded a pre-tax gain of $18.1 million."},{"source":"S159","excerpt":"as well as the Ovation® guitar brand."},{"source":"S169","excerpt":"In December 2007 we acquired KMC, which was our largest acquisition to date."},{"source":"S272","excerpt":"since the acquisition of Kaman Music Corporation (now known as KMC Musicorp), or KMC, in 2007"},{"source":"S113","excerpt":"\"built Ovation… for the last 47 years\""},{"source":"S114","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L041","from":2014,"to":2015,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":"P059","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S107","excerpt":"\"closing is set to happen by January 1, 2008\""},{"source":"S104","excerpt":"\"Yesterday, FMIC announced that KMC Music… has sold the Ovation guitar brand to Drum Workshop, Inc.\""},{"source":"S105","excerpt":"\"FMIC announced that KMC Music… has sold the Ovation guitar brand to Drum Workshop, Inc.\""},{"source":"S157","excerpt":"We sold our Music segment on December 31, 2007 for $119.5 million to Fender and recorded a pre-tax gain of $18.1 million."},{"source":"S159","excerpt":"as well as the Ovation® guitar brand."},{"source":"S169","excerpt":"In December 2007 we acquired KMC, which was our largest acquisition to date."},{"source":"S272","excerpt":"since the acquisition of Kaman Music Corporation (now known as KMC Musicorp), or KMC, in 2007"},{"source":"S114","excerpt":"\"Fender will now make Ovation guitars in China, South Korea and Indonesia\""},{"source":"S005","excerpt":"\"outsourcing others to a Chinese factory\""}]},{"line":"L040","from":2014,"to":2015,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":null,"reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S107","excerpt":"\"closing is set to happen by January 1, 2008\""},{"source":"S104","excerpt":"\"Yesterday, FMIC announced that KMC Music… has sold the Ovation guitar brand to Drum Workshop, Inc.\""},{"source":"S105","excerpt":"\"FMIC announced that KMC Music… has sold the Ovation guitar brand to Drum Workshop, Inc.\""},{"source":"S157","excerpt":"We sold our Music segment on December 31, 2007 for $119.5 million to Fender and recorded a pre-tax gain of $18.1 million."},{"source":"S159","excerpt":"as well as the Ovation® guitar brand."},{"source":"S169","excerpt":"In December 2007 we acquired KMC, which was our largest acquisition to date."},{"source":"S272","excerpt":"since the acquisition of Kaman Music Corporation (now known as KMC Musicorp), or KMC, in 2007"}]},{"line":"L040","from":2015,"to":2020,"owner":"CO051","parent":null,"plant":"P006","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S104","excerpt":"\"Yesterday, FMIC announced that KMC Music… has sold the Ovation guitar brand to Drum Workshop, Inc.\""},{"source":"S106","excerpt":"\"have finalized an asset sale agreement\""},{"source":"S159","excerpt":"as well as the Ovation® guitar brand."},{"source":"S160","excerpt":"announced today that its subsidiary KMC Music, Inc. has sold its Ovation"},{"source":"S161","excerpt":"In 2015 DW became owner of the legendary guitar maker as part of a multi-brand acquisition from Fender/KMC."},{"source":"S162","excerpt":"DW also bought the Ovation guitar brand from Fender in that deal."},{"source":"S247","excerpt":"Drum Workshop purchased the brand earlier this year from Fender Musical Instruments Corp."},{"source":"S275","excerpt":"Ovation Guitars and exclusive U.S. distribution rights for Sabian Cymbals are also included in the transaction."},{"source":"S009","excerpt":"\"the factory will resume production in October, 2015\""},{"source":"S116","excerpt":"\"Custom Shop will focus on… Adamas models\""}]},{"line":"L041","from":2015,"to":2020,"owner":"CO051","parent":null,"plant":"P059","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S104","excerpt":"\"Yesterday, FMIC announced that KMC Music… has sold the Ovation guitar brand to Drum Workshop, Inc.\""},{"source":"S106","excerpt":"\"have finalized an asset sale agreement\""},{"source":"S159","excerpt":"as well as the Ovation® guitar brand."},{"source":"S160","excerpt":"announced today that its subsidiary KMC Music, Inc. has sold its Ovation"},{"source":"S161","excerpt":"In 2015 DW became owner of the legendary guitar maker as part of a multi-brand acquisition from Fender/KMC."},{"source":"S162","excerpt":"DW also bought the Ovation guitar brand from Fender in that deal."},{"source":"S247","excerpt":"Drum Workshop purchased the brand earlier this year from Fender Musical Instruments Corp."},{"source":"S275","excerpt":"Ovation Guitars and exclusive U.S. distribution rights for Sabian Cymbals are also included in the transaction."},{"source":"S114","excerpt":"\"Fender will now make Ovation guitars in China, South Korea and Indonesia\""},{"source":"S005","excerpt":"\"outsourcing others to a Chinese factory\""}]},{"line":"L041","from":2020,"to":null,"owner":"CO052","parent":null,"plant":"P059","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S117","excerpt":"\"deal that was inked in September\""},{"source":"S117","excerpt":"\"February 1, 2021… GEWA Music USA taking over Ovation distribution\""},{"source":"S161","excerpt":"GEWA music has recently announced the acquisition of the Ovation guitar brand from longtime partner, Drum Workshop, Inc."},{"source":"S173","excerpt":"Adamas and Applause – two brands associated with Ovation – are also part of the deal, which was finalized in September 2020."},{"source":"S245","excerpt":"The Adamas and Applause guitar brands are also included in the purchase."},{"source":"S273","excerpt":"has acquired the Ovation brand from Drum Workshop, Inc."},{"source":"S274","excerpt":"Associated brands Adamas and Applause are reportedly part of the deal, which was inked in September 2020."},{"source":"S114","excerpt":"\"Fender will now make Ovation guitars in China, South Korea and Indonesia\""},{"source":"S005","excerpt":"\"outsourcing others to a Chinese factory\""}]},{"line":"L040","from":2020,"to":null,"owner":"CO052","parent":null,"plant":"P006","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S117","excerpt":"\"deal that was inked in September\""},{"source":"S117","excerpt":"\"February 1, 2021… GEWA Music USA taking over Ovation distribution\""},{"source":"S161","excerpt":"GEWA music has recently announced the acquisition of the Ovation guitar brand from longtime partner, Drum Workshop, Inc."},{"source":"S173","excerpt":"Adamas and Applause – two brands associated with Ovation – are also part of the deal, which was finalized in September 2020."},{"source":"S245","excerpt":"The Adamas and Applause guitar brands are also included in the purchase."},{"source":"S273","excerpt":"has acquired the Ovation brand from Drum Workshop, Inc."},{"source":"S274","excerpt":"Associated brands Adamas and Applause are reportedly part of the deal, which was inked in September 2020."},{"source":"S009","excerpt":"\"the factory will resume production in October, 2015\""},{"source":"S116","excerpt":"\"Custom Shop will focus on… Adamas models\""}]}],"models":[{"id":"M054","slug":"ovation-first-roundback","name":"First roundback","category":"acoustic","introduced":1966,"discontinued":null,"line":"L040","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S008","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M055","slug":"ovation-onboard-pickups","name":"Onboard pickups","category":"acoustic","introduced":1971,"discontinued":null,"line":"L040","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S008","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M056","slug":"ovation-breadwinner","name":"Breadwinner","category":"electric","introduced":1972,"discontinued":null,"line":"L040","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S005","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M058","slug":"ovation-viper","name":"Viper","category":"electric","introduced":1977,"discontinued":1982,"line":"L040","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S005","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M059","slug":"ovation-50th-anniversary-custom-elite","name":"50th Anniversary Custom Elite","category":"acoustic","introduced":2015,"discontinued":null,"line":"L040","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S005","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M060","slug":"ovation-adamas","name":"Adamas","category":"acoustic","introduced":null,"discontinued":null,"line":"L040","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S005","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M057","slug":"ovation-deacon","name":"Deacon","category":"electric","introduced":null,"discontinued":1980,"line":"L040","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S005","excerpt":null}]}],"materials":[{"id":"MU007","line":"L040","part":"back_sides","species":"Lyrachord (fiberglass composite)","botanical":null,"note":"Roundback bowl material; the Lyrachord name and start date are unverified","from":null,"to":null,"reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S010","excerpt":null}]}]},{"code":"B008","slug":"prs","name":"PRS","founded":1985,"country":"USA","website":"https://www.prsguitars.com/","cites":[{"source":"S096","excerpt":"\"Paul Reed Smith set up a partnership to create a factory in Annapolis\""},{"source":"S153","excerpt":"With the help of an investor he formed a limited partnership, raising $500,000 in capital"},{"source":"S154","excerpt":"PRS founder Paul Reed Smith (\"Smith\") began manufacturing custom guitars in the mid-1970s and opened a guitar factory in 1985."},{"source":"S155","excerpt":"Paul Reed Smith, Managing General Partner of PRS Guitars"},{"source":"S156","excerpt":"In April of 1985, PRS Guitars formally began operations in our first ever factory in Annapolis, Maryland."},{"source":"S257","excerpt":"we developed a strong team and launched PRS Guitars, Limited Partnership."}],"controls":[{"id":"BC034","from":1985,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Founder-led partnership; investors unverified. 2026-10-15: entity is Paul Reed Smith Guitars, Limited Partnership (Maryland) per USPTO mirror (S258). Inside Annapolis (S257, C521) places the launch of 'PRS Guitars, Limited Partnership' before the 1985 Virginia Avenue factory, so formation date and general partner are unverified; the Maryland SDAT record was not found","cites":[{"source":"S096","excerpt":"\"Paul Reed Smith set up a partnership to create a factory in Annapolis\""},{"source":"S153","excerpt":"With the help of an investor he formed a limited partnership, raising $500,000 in capital"},{"source":"S154","excerpt":"PRS founder Paul Reed Smith (\"Smith\") began manufacturing custom guitars in the mid-1970s and opened a guitar factory in 1985."},{"source":"S155","excerpt":"Paul Reed Smith, Managing General Partner of PRS Guitars"},{"source":"S156","excerpt":"In April of 1985, PRS Guitars formally began operations in our first ever factory in Annapolis, Maryland."},{"source":"S257","excerpt":"we developed a strong team and launched PRS Guitars, Limited Partnership."}],"company":"CO048","kind":"owns","territory":"world"}],"lines":[{"id":"L036","name":"PRS Core and Private Stock","tier":"usa","from":1985,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR070","from":1985,"to":1996,"precision":"month","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S097","excerpt":"\"in 1985 he opened the first PRS factory in Annapolis\""},{"source":"S118","excerpt":"\"PRS moved into the Stevensville factory in January 1996\""}],"plant":"P053","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR071","from":1996,"to":null,"precision":"month","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S118","excerpt":"\"PRS moved into the Stevensville factory in January 1996\""},{"source":"S098","excerpt":"\"In 1996, the company moved to its present facility in Stevensville on Kent Island\""}],"plant":"P054","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L037","name":"PRS CE","tier":"usa","from":1988,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR072","from":1988,"to":1996,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S097","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P053","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR073","from":1996,"to":2009,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"CE ran 1988-2009; revived 2016 (second period below)","cites":[{"source":"S118","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P054","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR074","from":2016,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Revival","cites":[{"source":"S098","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P054","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L038","name":"PRS S2","tier":"usa","from":2013,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR075","from":2013,"to":null,"precision":"day","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"Launched July 9, 2013","cites":[{"source":"S119","excerpt":"\"Stevensville, MD (July 9, 2013) -- PRS Guitars' new S2 Series instruments – the S2 Mira, S2 Starla, and S2 Custom 24\""}],"plant":"P054","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L039","name":"PRS SE","tier":"import","from":2000,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR076","from":2000,"to":2019,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":"K020","note":"start 2000; end c.2019-22","cites":[{"source":"S016","excerpt":"\"the entire line was made by World Musical Instrument Co in Incheon, Korea\""}],"plant":"P055","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR077","from":2001,"to":2019,"precision":"year","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K020","note":"alternative start 2001","cites":[{"source":"S098","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P055","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR079","from":2018,"to":null,"precision":"circa","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"c.2018-19 start","cites":[{"source":"S016","excerpt":"\"a facility, in Indonesia, that is PRS Guitars… just PRS\""},{"source":"S097","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P057","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR078","from":2018,"to":2019,"precision":"circa","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"First Indonesian SEs","cites":[{"source":"S016","excerpt":"\"initially PT Wildwood, and now… Cor-Tek (Cort)\""}],"plant":"P056","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR080","from":2019,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Some SE","cites":[{"source":"S098","excerpt":"\"since 2019 production has been moved to Cor-Tek factories in Indonesia and China\""}],"plant":"P058","role":"full_build"}]}],"eras":[{"line":"L036","from":1985,"to":1996,"owner":"CO048","parent":null,"plant":"P053","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S096","excerpt":"\"Paul Reed Smith set up a partnership to create a factory in Annapolis\""},{"source":"S153","excerpt":"With the help of an investor he formed a limited partnership, raising $500,000 in capital"},{"source":"S154","excerpt":"PRS founder Paul Reed Smith (\"Smith\") began manufacturing custom guitars in the mid-1970s and opened a guitar factory in 1985."},{"source":"S155","excerpt":"Paul Reed Smith, Managing General Partner of PRS Guitars"},{"source":"S156","excerpt":"In April of 1985, PRS Guitars formally began operations in our first ever factory in Annapolis, Maryland."},{"source":"S257","excerpt":"we developed a strong team and launched PRS Guitars, Limited Partnership."},{"source":"S097","excerpt":"\"in 1985 he opened the first PRS factory in Annapolis\""},{"source":"S118","excerpt":"\"PRS moved into the Stevensville factory in January 1996\""}]},{"line":"L037","from":1988,"to":1996,"owner":"CO048","parent":null,"plant":"P053","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S096","excerpt":"\"Paul Reed Smith set up a partnership to create a factory in Annapolis\""},{"source":"S153","excerpt":"With the help of an investor he formed a limited partnership, raising $500,000 in capital"},{"source":"S154","excerpt":"PRS founder Paul Reed Smith (\"Smith\") began manufacturing custom guitars in the mid-1970s and opened a guitar factory in 1985."},{"source":"S155","excerpt":"Paul Reed Smith, Managing General Partner of PRS Guitars"},{"source":"S156","excerpt":"In April of 1985, PRS Guitars formally began operations in our first ever factory in Annapolis, Maryland."},{"source":"S257","excerpt":"we developed a strong team and launched PRS Guitars, Limited Partnership."},{"source":"S097","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L036","from":1996,"to":null,"owner":"CO048","parent":null,"plant":"P054","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S096","excerpt":"\"Paul Reed Smith set up a partnership to create a factory in Annapolis\""},{"source":"S153","excerpt":"With the help of an investor he formed a limited partnership, raising $500,000 in capital"},{"source":"S154","excerpt":"PRS founder Paul Reed Smith (\"Smith\") began manufacturing custom guitars in the mid-1970s and opened a guitar factory in 1985."},{"source":"S155","excerpt":"Paul Reed Smith, Managing General Partner of PRS Guitars"},{"source":"S156","excerpt":"In April of 1985, PRS Guitars formally began operations in our first ever factory in Annapolis, Maryland."},{"source":"S257","excerpt":"we developed a strong team and launched PRS Guitars, Limited Partnership."},{"source":"S118","excerpt":"\"PRS moved into the Stevensville factory in January 1996\""},{"source":"S098","excerpt":"\"In 1996, the company moved to its present facility in Stevensville on Kent Island\""}]},{"line":"L037","from":1996,"to":2009,"owner":"CO048","parent":null,"plant":"P054","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S096","excerpt":"\"Paul Reed Smith set up a partnership to create a factory in Annapolis\""},{"source":"S153","excerpt":"With the help of an investor he formed a limited partnership, raising $500,000 in capital"},{"source":"S154","excerpt":"PRS founder Paul Reed Smith (\"Smith\") began manufacturing custom guitars in the mid-1970s and opened a guitar factory in 1985."},{"source":"S155","excerpt":"Paul Reed Smith, Managing General Partner of PRS Guitars"},{"source":"S156","excerpt":"In April of 1985, PRS Guitars formally began operations in our first ever factory in Annapolis, Maryland."},{"source":"S257","excerpt":"we developed a strong team and launched PRS Guitars, Limited Partnership."},{"source":"S118","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L039","from":2000,"to":2019,"owner":"CO048","parent":null,"plant":"P055","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S096","excerpt":"\"Paul Reed Smith set up a partnership to create a factory in Annapolis\""},{"source":"S153","excerpt":"With the help of an investor he formed a limited partnership, raising $500,000 in capital"},{"source":"S154","excerpt":"PRS founder Paul Reed Smith (\"Smith\") began manufacturing custom guitars in the mid-1970s and opened a guitar factory in 1985."},{"source":"S155","excerpt":"Paul Reed Smith, Managing General Partner of PRS Guitars"},{"source":"S156","excerpt":"In April of 1985, PRS Guitars formally began operations in our first ever factory in Annapolis, Maryland."},{"source":"S257","excerpt":"we developed a strong team and launched PRS Guitars, Limited Partnership."},{"source":"S016","excerpt":"\"the entire line was made by World Musical Instrument Co in Incheon, Korea\""}]},{"line":"L037","from":2009,"to":2016,"owner":"CO048","parent":null,"plant":null,"reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S096","excerpt":"\"Paul Reed Smith set up a partnership to create a factory in Annapolis\""},{"source":"S153","excerpt":"With the help of an investor he formed a limited partnership, raising $500,000 in capital"},{"source":"S154","excerpt":"PRS founder Paul Reed Smith (\"Smith\") began manufacturing custom guitars in the mid-1970s and opened a guitar factory in 1985."},{"source":"S155","excerpt":"Paul Reed Smith, Managing General Partner of PRS Guitars"},{"source":"S156","excerpt":"In April of 1985, PRS Guitars formally began operations in our first ever factory in Annapolis, Maryland."},{"source":"S257","excerpt":"we developed a strong team and launched PRS Guitars, Limited Partnership."}]},{"line":"L038","from":2013,"to":null,"owner":"CO048","parent":null,"plant":"P054","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S096","excerpt":"\"Paul Reed Smith set up a partnership to create a factory in Annapolis\""},{"source":"S153","excerpt":"With the help of an investor he formed a limited partnership, raising $500,000 in capital"},{"source":"S154","excerpt":"PRS founder Paul Reed Smith (\"Smith\") began manufacturing custom guitars in the mid-1970s and opened a guitar factory in 1985."},{"source":"S155","excerpt":"Paul Reed Smith, Managing General Partner of PRS Guitars"},{"source":"S156","excerpt":"In April of 1985, PRS Guitars formally began operations in our first ever factory in Annapolis, Maryland."},{"source":"S257","excerpt":"we developed a strong team and launched PRS Guitars, Limited Partnership."},{"source":"S119","excerpt":"\"Stevensville, MD (July 9, 2013) -- PRS Guitars' new S2 Series instruments – the S2 Mira, S2 Starla, and S2 Custom 24\""}]},{"line":"L037","from":2016,"to":null,"owner":"CO048","parent":null,"plant":"P054","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S096","excerpt":"\"Paul Reed Smith set up a partnership to create a factory in Annapolis\""},{"source":"S153","excerpt":"With the help of an investor he formed a limited partnership, raising $500,000 in capital"},{"source":"S154","excerpt":"PRS founder Paul Reed Smith (\"Smith\") began manufacturing custom guitars in the mid-1970s and opened a guitar factory in 1985."},{"source":"S155","excerpt":"Paul Reed Smith, Managing General Partner of PRS Guitars"},{"source":"S156","excerpt":"In April of 1985, PRS Guitars formally began operations in our first ever factory in Annapolis, Maryland."},{"source":"S257","excerpt":"we developed a strong team and launched PRS Guitars, Limited Partnership."},{"source":"S098","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L039","from":2018,"to":null,"owner":"CO048","parent":null,"plant":"P057","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S096","excerpt":"\"Paul Reed Smith set up a partnership to create a factory in Annapolis\""},{"source":"S153","excerpt":"With the help of an investor he formed a limited partnership, raising $500,000 in capital"},{"source":"S154","excerpt":"PRS founder Paul Reed Smith (\"Smith\") began manufacturing custom guitars in the mid-1970s and opened a guitar factory in 1985."},{"source":"S155","excerpt":"Paul Reed Smith, Managing General Partner of PRS Guitars"},{"source":"S156","excerpt":"In April of 1985, PRS Guitars formally began operations in our first ever factory in Annapolis, Maryland."},{"source":"S257","excerpt":"we developed a strong team and launched PRS Guitars, Limited Partnership."},{"source":"S016","excerpt":"\"a facility, in Indonesia, that is PRS Guitars… just PRS\""},{"source":"S097","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L039","from":2018,"to":2019,"owner":"CO048","parent":null,"plant":"P056","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S096","excerpt":"\"Paul Reed Smith set up a partnership to create a factory in Annapolis\""},{"source":"S153","excerpt":"With the help of an investor he formed a limited partnership, raising $500,000 in capital"},{"source":"S154","excerpt":"PRS founder Paul Reed Smith (\"Smith\") began manufacturing custom guitars in the mid-1970s and opened a guitar factory in 1985."},{"source":"S155","excerpt":"Paul Reed Smith, Managing General Partner of PRS Guitars"},{"source":"S156","excerpt":"In April of 1985, PRS Guitars formally began operations in our first ever factory in Annapolis, Maryland."},{"source":"S257","excerpt":"we developed a strong team and launched PRS Guitars, Limited Partnership."},{"source":"S016","excerpt":"\"initially PT Wildwood, and now… Cor-Tek (Cort)\""}]},{"line":"L039","from":2019,"to":null,"owner":"CO048","parent":null,"plant":"P058","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S096","excerpt":"\"Paul Reed Smith set up a partnership to create a factory in Annapolis\""},{"source":"S153","excerpt":"With the help of an investor he formed a limited partnership, raising $500,000 in capital"},{"source":"S154","excerpt":"PRS founder Paul Reed Smith (\"Smith\") began manufacturing custom guitars in the mid-1970s and opened a guitar factory in 1985."},{"source":"S155","excerpt":"Paul Reed Smith, Managing General Partner of PRS Guitars"},{"source":"S156","excerpt":"In April of 1985, PRS Guitars formally began operations in our first ever factory in Annapolis, Maryland."},{"source":"S257","excerpt":"we developed a strong team and launched PRS Guitars, Limited Partnership."},{"source":"S098","excerpt":"\"since 2019 production has been moved to Cor-Tek factories in Indonesia and China\""}]}],"models":[{"id":"M046","slug":"prs-custom","name":"Custom","category":"electric","introduced":1985,"discontinued":null,"line":"L036","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S098","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M047","slug":"prs-signature","name":"Signature","category":"electric","introduced":1987,"discontinued":1991,"line":"L036","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S098","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M048","slug":"prs-ce","name":"CE","category":"electric","introduced":1988,"discontinued":null,"line":"L037","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S098","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M049","slug":"prs-mccarty","name":"McCarty","category":"electric","introduced":1994,"discontinued":null,"line":"L036","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S098","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M051","slug":"prs-singlecut","name":"Singlecut","category":"electric","introduced":2000,"discontinued":null,"line":"L036","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S098","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M050","slug":"prs-dragon-2000","name":"Dragon 2000","category":"electric","introduced":2000,"discontinued":null,"line":"L036","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S098","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M052","slug":"prs-se-custom-24","name":"SE Custom 24","category":"electric","introduced":null,"discontinued":null,"line":"L039","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S098","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M053","slug":"prs-silver-sky","name":"Silver Sky","category":"electric","introduced":null,"discontinued":null,"line":"L036","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S098","excerpt":null}]}],"materials":[]},{"code":"B013","slug":"squier","name":"Squier","founded":1890,"country":"USA","website":null,"cites":[{"source":"S447","excerpt":null},{"source":"S449","excerpt":null}],"controls":[{"id":"BC064","from":1890,"to":1965,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"V.C. Squier Company, Battle Creek MI, founded 1890 (S447; S449 traces the business to Boston in 1881). A string and violin maker until Fender bought it in early 1965 (S447, S448, S449). Proposed grade community (Wikipedia, GuitarInSite) with Guitar.com secondary for the 1965 sale","cites":[{"source":"S447","excerpt":null},{"source":"S449","excerpt":null}],"company":"CO104","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC065","from":1965,"to":1985,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Fender acquired the V.C. Squier company in early 1965: Leo Fender per S448, 'Fender Electric Instruments' per S449; Wikipedia (S447) says a Fender subsidiary. The buyer and the CBS date overlap in 1965 (CBS purchase announced 5 Jan 1965, see BC060), so the brand is recorded as passing to CBS in 1965 at year precision; the entity that held it between the two events is unknown. Name use after 1965: Wikipedia says the string business was shuttered in 1981 (infobox 1975); guitars launched 1982 under CBS. Proposed grade community","cites":[{"source":"S448","excerpt":null},{"source":"S449","excerpt":null},{"source":"S447","excerpt":null}],"company":"CO101","kind":"owns","territory":"world"},{"id":"BC066","from":1985,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"FMIC (CO001) took over with the 1985 buyout from CBS (see BC060, BC061); no Squier-specific source for 1985 was found, and S446 (2012 filing) lists Squier among brands FMIC owns. Proposed grade community for the 1985 start, primary for ownership in 2012","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null}],"company":"CO001","kind":"owns","territory":"world"}],"lines":[{"id":"L053","name":"Squier Japan (JV Series)","tier":"import","from":1982,"to":1985,"cites":[{"source":"S448","excerpt":null},{"source":"S450","excerpt":null}],"builds":[{"id":"PR112","from":1982,"to":1985,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"FujiGen built the first Squiers from 1982 (S448); JV Series 1982-1984 per S450, with Squier-labelled Japanese output running to March 1985 per Daeschler (S436), hence valid_to 1985 (last year 1984, half-open). GuitarInSite itself notes it does not explicitly tie the JV serials to this factory. Proposed grade community","cites":[{"source":"S448","excerpt":null},{"source":"S450","excerpt":null},{"source":"S436","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P018","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L054","name":"Squier Korea","tier":"import","from":1987,"to":null,"cites":[{"source":"S448","excerpt":null},{"source":"S452","excerpt":null}],"builds":[{"id":"PR113","from":1987,"to":1989,"precision":"circa","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Young Chang built E1/E7 (and some E2/E8/E9) Squiers from 1987 until around late 1988 or early 1989 (S452); Guitar.com says Squier production moved to Korea from 1987 (S448). GuitarInSite attributes the E prefix to Samick in the late 1980s and early 1990s instead (S450), and Fuzzfaced gives Samick S9/S1 serials for 1989-92. No Samick row is written because placeholder P021 is dated 2000-2021; that Samick Squier span (about 1989-1992) is a gap. Proposed grade community","cites":[{"source":"S452","excerpt":null},{"source":"S448","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P072","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR114","from":1992,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Candidate quote, unverified: 'In 1992 Fender started to manufacture Squier guitars in Cor-Tek (Cort) and Saehan (Sunghan) factories' (S452). End year not found, so valid_to is left null; the row should not be read as showing production to the present. Proposed grade community","cites":[{"source":"S452","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P073","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR115","from":1992,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Cor-Tek (Cort) Korea Squiers: CN prefix from 1992, KC/KV prefixes from 1997 (S452). End year not found, so valid_to is left null. Proposed grade community","cites":[{"source":"S452","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P074","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L055","name":"Squier China","tier":"import","from":1995,"to":null,"cites":[{"source":"S450","excerpt":null},{"source":"S011","excerpt":null}],"builds":[{"id":"PR116","from":2004,"to":2012,"precision":"circa","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"AXL: Shanghai joint-venture plant 2004 (S450); CXS Shanghai prefix c.2007-2012 and CAE c.2002-2006 (S453). Start and end are approximate and the sources use different markers. Chinese Squier 1995-2004 (Yako from a May 1995 order delivered Aug 1995, Dalian Dong Fang CD prefix 1998-99, Yako CY prefix from 1998) has no production rows because placeholder P022 Yako is dated opened 2000, so L055 has no plant before 2004. Proposed grade community","cites":[{"source":"S450","excerpt":null},{"source":"S453","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P075","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR117","from":2008,"to":2019,"precision":"circa","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"Grand Reward built the first Classic Vibe models, introduced 2008 (S454, candidate quote 'The Classic Vibe Series was introduced in 2008'), and the Modern Player line (S453). Prefixes CGR/CGS to about 2020; some Classic Vibe models returned 2020-21. GuitarInSite instead says Classic Vibes were built in Indonesia with no year (S450). Proposed grade community","cites":[{"source":"S454","excerpt":null},{"source":"S453","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P076","role":"full_build"}]},{"id":"L056","name":"Squier Indonesia","tier":"import","from":1998,"to":null,"cites":[{"source":"S451","excerpt":null},{"source":"S453","excerpt":null}],"builds":[{"id":"PR118","from":1998,"to":null,"precision":"circa","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"PT Cort Squiers: Affinity 'Pak' line from Nov 1998 with IC prefix, ICS from 2009 to about 2020 (S451, S453). End not found, so valid_to is left null. Plant location: sources say Surabaya, existing P024 is at Ngoro, Mojokerto (needs the geolocation job). Proposed grade community","cites":[{"source":"S451","excerpt":null},{"source":"S453","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P024","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR119","from":1999,"to":2006,"precision":"circa","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"PT Samick Squier Affinity Mini from 1999 with IS prefix, until the mid-2000s; SI prefix 2000-2004 (S451, S453). The 2006 end is approximate ('mid-2000s'). Proposed grade community","cites":[{"source":"S451","excerpt":null},{"source":"S453","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P023","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR120","from":2019,"to":2021,"precision":"circa","reliability":"unverified","conflict":null,"note":"ISS prefix Classic Vibe at PT Samick c.2019-2020 (S453). Proposed grade community","cites":[{"source":"S453","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P023","role":"full_build"}]}],"eras":[{"line":"L053","from":1982,"to":1985,"owner":"CO101","parent":null,"plant":"P018","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S448","excerpt":null},{"source":"S449","excerpt":null},{"source":"S447","excerpt":null},{"source":"S450","excerpt":null},{"source":"S436","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L054","from":1987,"to":1989,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":"P072","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null},{"source":"S452","excerpt":null},{"source":"S448","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L054","from":1989,"to":1992,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":null,"reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L054","from":1992,"to":null,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":"P073","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null},{"source":"S452","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L054","from":1992,"to":null,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":"P074","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null},{"source":"S452","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L055","from":1995,"to":2004,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":null,"reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L056","from":1998,"to":null,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":"P024","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null},{"source":"S451","excerpt":null},{"source":"S453","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L056","from":1999,"to":2006,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":"P023","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null},{"source":"S451","excerpt":null},{"source":"S453","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L055","from":2004,"to":2012,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":"P075","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null},{"source":"S450","excerpt":null},{"source":"S453","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L055","from":2008,"to":2019,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":"P076","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null},{"source":"S454","excerpt":null},{"source":"S453","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L055","from":2019,"to":null,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":null,"reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null}]},{"line":"L056","from":2019,"to":2021,"owner":"CO001","parent":null,"plant":"P023","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S446","excerpt":null},{"source":"S453","excerpt":null}]}],"models":[],"materials":[]},{"code":"B006","slug":"taylor","name":"Taylor","founded":1974,"country":"USA","website":"https://www.taylorguitars.com/","cites":[{"source":"S078","excerpt":"\"bought American Dream and renamed it the Westland Music Company\""},{"source":"S079","excerpt":"\"on December 31… signing the documents to officially transition the ownership\""},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"they decide to call the new business Westland Music Company."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"Westland Music Company changes its name to Taylor Guitars."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"Bob and Kurt buy out partner Steve Schemmer, incorporate as Taylor-Listug, Inc."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"After Radding announces he plans to sell the American Dream, Bob Taylor, Kurt Listug and Steve Schemmer … partner up and borrow money to purchase the shop"},{"source":"S250","excerpt":"Westland Music Company changes its name to Taylor Guitars."},{"source":"S250","excerpt":"Bob and Kurt buy out partner Steve Schemmer, incorporate as Taylor-Listug, Inc."},{"source":"S251","excerpt":"Taylor Guitars is now proudly 100% employee owned."}],"controls":[{"id":"BC028","from":1974,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"community","conflict":null,"note":"Westland Music Co. (Taylor, Listug, Schemmer) from 1974; Schemmer exit and legal name before the ESOP unverified. Founders signed the transition Dec 31, 2020. 2026-10-15: Taylor's own timeline (S250) dates the shop purchase Oct 15, 1974, the Westland to Taylor Guitars rename 1976 and the Taylor-Listug, Inc. incorporation 1983 (C518, C519). Andy Powers became third partner in 2019 per S251 but 2020 is implied by S250. ESOP trustee not named in any source found","cites":[{"source":"S078","excerpt":"\"bought American Dream and renamed it the Westland Music Company\""},{"source":"S079","excerpt":"\"on December 31… signing the documents to officially transition the ownership\""},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"they decide to call the new business Westland Music Company."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"Westland Music Company changes its name to Taylor Guitars."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"Bob and Kurt buy out partner Steve Schemmer, incorporate as Taylor-Listug, Inc."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"After Radding announces he plans to sell the American Dream, Bob Taylor, Kurt Listug and Steve Schemmer … partner up and borrow money to purchase the shop"},{"source":"S250","excerpt":"Westland Music Company changes its name to Taylor Guitars."},{"source":"S250","excerpt":"Bob and Kurt buy out partner Steve Schemmer, incorporate as Taylor-Listug, Inc."},{"source":"S251","excerpt":"Taylor Guitars is now proudly 100% employee owned."}],"company":"CO037","kind":"owns","territory":"world"}],"lines":[{"id":"L027","name":"Taylor USA","tier":"usa","from":1974,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR054","from":1974,"to":1987,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S082","excerpt":"\"American Dream… in Lemon Grove\""}],"plant":"P041","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR055","from":1987,"to":1992,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S083","excerpt":"\"4,700-square-foot factory in Santee, CA, in 1987\""}],"plant":"P042","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR056","from":1992,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"","cites":[{"source":"S083","excerpt":"\"In 1992, Taylor moved to a 25,000-square-foot factory in El Cajon.\""},{"source":"S084","excerpt":"\"102 guitars per day… Tecate… about 700 per day\""}],"plant":"P043","role":"full_build"},{"id":"PR058","from":1999,"to":null,"precision":"circa","reliability":"disputed","conflict":"K018","note":"alternative start c.1999","cites":[{"source":"S086","excerpt":null}],"plant":"P044","role":"parts"},{"id":"PR057","from":2000,"to":null,"precision":"year","reliability":"primary","conflict":"K018","note":"In-house case production relocated to Tecate. start 2000 (Taylor timeline)","cites":[{"source":"S085","excerpt":"\"Tecate Factory 2000… relocation of Taylor's in-house case production\""}],"plant":"P044","role":"parts"}]},{"id":"L028","name":"Taylor Tecate (Mexico)","tier":"import","from":2000,"to":null,"cites":[],"builds":[{"id":"PR059","from":null,"to":null,"precision":"unknown","reliability":"secondary","conflict":null,"note":"Baby, GS Mini, Academy, 100/200 series; year Tecate began full guitar builds is not in the report","cites":[{"source":"S084","excerpt":"\"102 guitars per day… Tecate… about 700 per day\""}],"plant":"P044","role":"full_build"}]}],"eras":[{"line":"L027","from":1974,"to":1987,"owner":"CO037","parent":null,"plant":"P041","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S078","excerpt":"\"bought American Dream and renamed it the Westland Music Company\""},{"source":"S079","excerpt":"\"on December 31… signing the documents to officially transition the ownership\""},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"they decide to call the new business Westland Music Company."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"Westland Music Company changes its name to Taylor Guitars."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"Bob and Kurt buy out partner Steve Schemmer, incorporate as Taylor-Listug, Inc."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"After Radding announces he plans to sell the American Dream, Bob Taylor, Kurt Listug and Steve Schemmer … partner up and borrow money to purchase the shop"},{"source":"S250","excerpt":"Westland Music Company changes its name to Taylor Guitars."},{"source":"S250","excerpt":"Bob and Kurt buy out partner Steve Schemmer, incorporate as Taylor-Listug, Inc."},{"source":"S251","excerpt":"Taylor Guitars is now proudly 100% employee owned."},{"source":"S082","excerpt":"\"American Dream… in Lemon Grove\""}]},{"line":"L027","from":1987,"to":1992,"owner":"CO037","parent":null,"plant":"P042","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S078","excerpt":"\"bought American Dream and renamed it the Westland Music Company\""},{"source":"S079","excerpt":"\"on December 31… signing the documents to officially transition the ownership\""},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"they decide to call the new business Westland Music Company."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"Westland Music Company changes its name to Taylor Guitars."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"Bob and Kurt buy out partner Steve Schemmer, incorporate as Taylor-Listug, Inc."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"After Radding announces he plans to sell the American Dream, Bob Taylor, Kurt Listug and Steve Schemmer … partner up and borrow money to purchase the shop"},{"source":"S250","excerpt":"Westland Music Company changes its name to Taylor Guitars."},{"source":"S250","excerpt":"Bob and Kurt buy out partner Steve Schemmer, incorporate as Taylor-Listug, Inc."},{"source":"S251","excerpt":"Taylor Guitars is now proudly 100% employee owned."},{"source":"S083","excerpt":"\"4,700-square-foot factory in Santee, CA, in 1987\""}]},{"line":"L027","from":1992,"to":2020,"owner":"CO037","parent":null,"plant":"P043","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S078","excerpt":"\"bought American Dream and renamed it the Westland Music Company\""},{"source":"S079","excerpt":"\"on December 31… signing the documents to officially transition the ownership\""},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"they decide to call the new business Westland Music Company."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"Westland Music Company changes its name to Taylor Guitars."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"Bob and Kurt buy out partner Steve Schemmer, incorporate as Taylor-Listug, Inc."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"After Radding announces he plans to sell the American Dream, Bob Taylor, Kurt Listug and Steve Schemmer … partner up and borrow money to purchase the shop"},{"source":"S250","excerpt":"Westland Music Company changes its name to Taylor Guitars."},{"source":"S250","excerpt":"Bob and Kurt buy out partner Steve Schemmer, incorporate as Taylor-Listug, Inc."},{"source":"S251","excerpt":"Taylor Guitars is now proudly 100% employee owned."},{"source":"S083","excerpt":"\"In 1992, Taylor moved to a 25,000-square-foot factory in El Cajon.\""},{"source":"S084","excerpt":"\"102 guitars per day… Tecate… about 700 per day\""}]},{"line":"L028","from":2000,"to":2020,"owner":"CO037","parent":null,"plant":null,"reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S078","excerpt":"\"bought American Dream and renamed it the Westland Music Company\""},{"source":"S079","excerpt":"\"on December 31… signing the documents to officially transition the ownership\""},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"they decide to call the new business Westland Music Company."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"Westland Music Company changes its name to Taylor Guitars."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"Bob and Kurt buy out partner Steve Schemmer, incorporate as Taylor-Listug, Inc."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"After Radding announces he plans to sell the American Dream, Bob Taylor, Kurt Listug and Steve Schemmer … partner up and borrow money to purchase the shop"},{"source":"S250","excerpt":"Westland Music Company changes its name to Taylor Guitars."},{"source":"S250","excerpt":"Bob and Kurt buy out partner Steve Schemmer, incorporate as Taylor-Listug, Inc."},{"source":"S251","excerpt":"Taylor Guitars is now proudly 100% employee owned."}]},{"line":"L028","from":2020,"to":null,"owner":"CO037","parent":"CO038","plant":null,"reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S078","excerpt":"\"bought American Dream and renamed it the Westland Music Company\""},{"source":"S079","excerpt":"\"on December 31… signing the documents to officially transition the ownership\""},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"they decide to call the new business Westland Music Company."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"Westland Music Company changes its name to Taylor Guitars."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"Bob and Kurt buy out partner Steve Schemmer, incorporate as Taylor-Listug, Inc."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"After Radding announces he plans to sell the American Dream, Bob Taylor, Kurt Listug and Steve Schemmer … partner up and borrow money to purchase the shop"},{"source":"S250","excerpt":"Westland Music Company changes its name to Taylor Guitars."},{"source":"S250","excerpt":"Bob and Kurt buy out partner Steve Schemmer, incorporate as Taylor-Listug, Inc."},{"source":"S251","excerpt":"Taylor Guitars is now proudly 100% employee owned."},{"source":"S080","excerpt":"\"transition to 100% employee ownership through an Employee Stock Ownership Plan\""},{"source":"S147","excerpt":"The company is now officially 100 percent employee owned."},{"source":"S147","excerpt":"After sharing the news that they had signed the paperwork to make the ownership transition official in late December"},{"source":"S079","excerpt":"on December 31, while you were ramping up your holiday celebrations, Kurt and Andy and I were signing the documents."},{"source":"S148","excerpt":"As of Dec. 31, the El Cajon business became 100% employee owned."}]},{"line":"L027","from":2020,"to":null,"owner":"CO037","parent":"CO038","plant":"P043","reliability":"community","cites":[{"source":"S078","excerpt":"\"bought American Dream and renamed it the Westland Music Company\""},{"source":"S079","excerpt":"\"on December 31… signing the documents to officially transition the ownership\""},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"they decide to call the new business Westland Music Company."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"Westland Music Company changes its name to Taylor Guitars."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"Bob and Kurt buy out partner Steve Schemmer, incorporate as Taylor-Listug, Inc."},{"source":"S085","excerpt":"After Radding announces he plans to sell the American Dream, Bob Taylor, Kurt Listug and Steve Schemmer … partner up and borrow money to purchase the shop"},{"source":"S250","excerpt":"Westland Music Company changes its name to Taylor Guitars."},{"source":"S250","excerpt":"Bob and Kurt buy out partner Steve Schemmer, incorporate as Taylor-Listug, Inc."},{"source":"S251","excerpt":"Taylor Guitars is now proudly 100% employee owned."},{"source":"S080","excerpt":"\"transition to 100% employee ownership through an Employee Stock Ownership Plan\""},{"source":"S147","excerpt":"The company is now officially 100 percent employee owned."},{"source":"S147","excerpt":"After sharing the news that they had signed the paperwork to make the ownership transition official in late December"},{"source":"S079","excerpt":"on December 31, while you were ramping up your holiday celebrations, Kurt and Andy and I were signing the documents."},{"source":"S148","excerpt":"As of Dec. 31, the El Cajon business became 100% employee owned."},{"source":"S083","excerpt":"\"In 1992, Taylor moved to a 25,000-square-foot factory in El Cajon.\""},{"source":"S084","excerpt":"\"102 guitars per day… Tecate… about 700 per day\""}]}],"models":[{"id":"M125","slug":"taylor-810","name":"810","category":"acoustic","introduced":1974,"discontinued":null,"line":"L027","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S415","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M126","slug":"taylor-710","name":"710","category":"acoustic","introduced":1977,"discontinued":2006,"line":"L027","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S416","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M127","slug":"taylor-712","name":"712","category":"acoustic","introduced":1984,"discontinued":2006,"line":"L027","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S416","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M131","slug":"taylor-grand-auditorium","name":"Grand Auditorium","category":"acoustic","introduced":1994,"discontinued":null,"line":"L027","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S427","excerpt":null},{"source":"S417","excerpt":null},{"source":"S423","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M133","slug":"taylor-614ce","name":"614ce","category":"acoustic","introduced":1998,"discontinued":2017,"line":"L027","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S428","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M128","slug":"taylor-314","name":"314","category":"acoustic","introduced":1998,"discontinued":null,"line":"L027","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S417","excerpt":null},{"source":"S419","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M033","slug":"taylor-nt-neck","name":"NT neck","category":"acoustic","introduced":1999,"discontinued":null,"line":"L027","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S085","excerpt":null},{"source":"S430","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M034","slug":"taylor-pallet-guitar","name":"Pallet Guitar","category":"acoustic","introduced":2000,"discontinued":null,"line":"L027","reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S085","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M129","slug":"taylor-214","name":"214","category":"acoustic","introduced":2004,"discontinued":null,"line":"L027","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S418","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M037","slug":"taylor-t5","name":"T5","category":"electric","introduced":2005,"discontinued":null,"line":"L027","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S001","excerpt":null},{"source":"S425","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M036","slug":"taylor-gs-mini","name":"GS Mini","category":"acoustic","introduced":2010,"discontinued":null,"line":"L028","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S001","excerpt":null},{"source":"S421","excerpt":null},{"source":"S422","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M130","slug":"taylor-150e-12-string","name":"150e 12-String","category":"acoustic","introduced":2014,"discontinued":null,"line":"L027","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S420","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M132","slug":"taylor-academy-10","name":"Academy 10","category":"acoustic","introduced":2017,"discontinued":null,"line":"L027","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S429","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M038","slug":"taylor-v-class","name":"V-Class","category":"acoustic","introduced":2018,"discontinued":null,"line":"L027","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S001","excerpt":null},{"source":"S426","excerpt":null},{"source":"S430","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"M035","slug":"taylor-baby","name":"Baby","category":"acoustic","introduced":null,"discontinued":null,"line":"L028","reliability":"unverified","cites":[{"source":"S001","excerpt":null},{"source":"S423","excerpt":null},{"source":"S424","excerpt":null}]}],"materials":[{"id":"MU006","line":"L027","part":null,"species":null,"botanical":null,"note":"UV-cured finish, mid-1990s; uses 60 percent less finish","from":1995,"to":null,"reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S083","excerpt":null}]},{"id":"MU005","line":"L027","part":"fretboard","species":"Ebony","botanical":"Diospyros crassiflora","note":"Variegated Crelicam ebony after 2011","from":2011,"to":null,"reliability":"secondary","cites":[{"source":"S081","excerpt":null}]}]}],"plants":{"P001":{"name":"Guild NYC workshop","city":"New York","region":"NY","country":"USA","lon":-74.0026133,"lat":40.7142161,"precision":"address","cites":[{"source":"S028","excerpt":"536 Pearl Street in Manhattan"}],"operators":[{"company":"CO006","from":1952,"to":1956,"cites":[{"source":"S002","excerpt":"\"New York City from 1952 to 56\""}]}]},"P002":{"name":"Guild Hoboken","city":"Hoboken","region":"NJ","country":"USA","lon":-74.035171,"lat":40.736303,"precision":"address","cites":[{"source":"S176","excerpt":"300 Observer 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